不起诉听证程序研究

发布时间：2019-05-10 02:43

【摘要】：不起诉决定直接关系到案件的诉讼走向和实体处理。检察机关对不起诉权拥有一定的自由裁量权，若监督制约措施不利，极有被滥用的危险。为了规范不起诉行为，最高人民检察院公诉厅在2001年发布《人民检察院办理不起诉案件公开审查规则（试行）》，要求在全国推行不起诉案件公开审查制度。但是，全面审视后，我们发现该规则存在诸多的问题，不可能有效解决现行不起诉制度中存在的问题。本文从听证程序的核心价值入手，分析我国现行不起诉决定程序和不起诉案件公开审查制度存在的问题，最后设计出具体的不起诉案件听证程序。本文共分五部分：第一部分为我国现行不起诉决定程序的解读。我国现行不起诉决定程序主要分为三个阶段：即审查、受理阶段；讨论、决定阶段和宣布、救济阶段。第二部分为我国现行不起诉决定程序存在的问题。笔者首先对不起诉决定程序做了较为详细的解读，然后重点阐述该程序存在的问题。主要存在着不起诉决定程序缺乏公开与透明、不起诉书缺乏说理以及对不起诉权的监督制约措施乏力等问题。检察机关严控不起诉率、相对不起诉和证据不足不起诉的案件必经检委会讨论的做法，既无视不起诉制度的功能，又架空了《刑事诉讼法》关于不起诉的法律规定。第三部分为我国不起诉决定程序改革的实践探索。笔者主要从《人民检察院办理不起诉案件公开审查规则（试行）》和司法实践探索两方面着手，分析其成效和不足之处，为构建我国不起诉听证程序提供借鉴。第四部分为我国建立不起诉听证程序的必要性与可行性。不起诉听证程序一方面有利于双方当事人公开地表达利益诉求，消除对检察机关的不满情绪；另一方面也有利于检察机关在公开透明的场合下最大程度的了解犯罪嫌疑人的自身情况和被害人的要求，综合考虑起诉的必要性，最终实现不起诉制度的功能。第五部分为不起诉听证程序的具体设计。这是本文的重点内容。笔者将从基本原则、案件适用范围、听证主体、具体程序设置、听证决议等方面初步构建不起诉听证程序。当事人对检察机关拟作出“相对不起诉”或“证据不起诉”决定有异议，在规定期间内均可提出不起诉听证申请，检察机关程序性审查后，着手组织听证会，，由非案件承办人且与本案无利害关系的其他主诉检察官主持听证会，最后根据听证决议或参考听证决议作出最终决定。
[Abstract]:The decision not to sue is directly related to the litigation trend and substantive handling of the case. Procuratorial organs are sorry to have a certain discretion, if supervision and restriction measures are unfavorable, there is a great risk of abuse. In order to regulate the behavior of non-prosecution, the Public Appeal Department of the Supreme people's Procuratorate issued the rules for the Public examination of non-prosecution cases by the people's Procuratorate in 2001, which called for the implementation of the public examination system for non-prosecution cases throughout the country. However, after a comprehensive examination, we find that there are many problems in the rule, and it is impossible to effectively solve the problems existing in the current non-prosecution system. Starting with the core value of the hearing procedure, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the current non-prosecution decision procedure and the public review system of the non-prosecution case in our country, and finally designs the specific hearing procedure of the non-prosecution case. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the interpretation of the current non-prosecution decision procedure in our country. The current non-prosecution decision procedure in China is divided into three stages: review, acceptance, discussion, decision and announcement, relief. The second part is the problems existing in the current non-prosecution decision procedure in our country. The author first makes a more detailed interpretation of the non-prosecution decision-making procedure, and then focuses on the existing problems of the procedure. There are mainly some problems, such as the lack of openness and transparency in the procedure of non-prosecution decision, the lack of reasoning in non-prosecution, and the lack of supervision and restriction measures for the right of sorry to sue. The procuratorial organs strictly control the rate of non-prosecution, and the cases of non-prosecution and lack of evidence must be discussed by the prosecution committee, which not only ignores the function of the non-prosecution system, but also overlooks the legal provisions of the Criminal procedure Law on non-prosecution. The third part is the practical exploration of the reform of non-prosecution decision procedure in our country. The author mainly analyzes its effectiveness and shortcomings from two aspects: the rules of Public examination of non-prosecution cases handled by the people's Procuratorate (trial) and the exploration of judicial practice, so as to provide reference for the construction of non-prosecution hearing procedure in our country. The fourth part is the necessity and feasibility of establishing non-prosecution hearing procedure in our country. On the one hand, the non-prosecution hearing procedure is helpful for both parties to openly express their interests and eliminate their dissatisfaction with the procuratorial organs. On the other hand, it is also helpful for procuratorial organs to understand the situation of criminal suspects and the requirements of victims to the greatest extent under the condition of openness and transparency, consider the necessity of prosecution comprehensively, and finally realize the function of non-prosecution system. The fifth part is the specific design of non-prosecution hearing procedure. This is the key content of this paper. The author will initially construct the non-prosecution hearing procedure from the basic principles, the scope of application of the case, the subject of the hearing, the setting of the specific procedure, the resolution of the hearing and so on. The parties concerned object to the decision of the procuratorial organ to make a "relative non-prosecution" or "evidence not to sue" decision, and may apply for a hearing without prosecution within the prescribed period. After procedural examination by the procuratorial organ, the procuratorial organ shall proceed with the organization of the hearing. The hearing shall be presided over by other principal prosecution prosecutors who are not the contractor of the case and have no interest in the case, and the final decision shall be made in accordance with the hearing resolution or the reference hearing resolution.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.3

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