公司章程的私法自治和国家干预研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 06:05

本文关键词： 公司章程私法自治国家干预　出处：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公司章程的私法自治是公司自治的主要形式,章程是实现公司自治的载体。在国家干预的背景下,公司章程自治范围要从自治价值、公司类型、公司所处的阶段,公司事务性质以及公司章程涉他性等方面来厘定,目的是有效保障公司自治,发挥个体积极性,同时适应国家干预对公司章程规制。公司章程性质的综合说和公司章程两分法能够较好地满足公司章程制度理论和实践的需要。本文除前言、结语外,共分为四个部分,分别是: 第一部分是公司私法自治和国家干预的法理分析。分别从两者的逻辑架构、法哲学、历史学角度分析,展现公司的私法自治和国家强制在历史各个时期以及世界各国是普遍存在的图景。并分析现代公司法立法潮流:即放松政府管制,鼓励当事人意思自治和创新,同时在特定经济领域加强管制成为当今世界公司立法的趋势。第二部分分析公司章程中的私法自治和国家干预之间的冲突与融合关系。从界定公司章程法律性质入手,分析公司章程私法自治的实现及国家干预的对其限制,并论证私法自治和国家干预如何统合于公司章程之中。本文的一个创新是提出公司章程综合说,并分析了其结构及价值。综合说是指,在公司领域,公司章程是法律规制下的具有契约属性的自治规范的集合。公司章程是实现公司私法自治的有效载体,公司章程自治是私法自治在公司法上的体现;公司章程他治是国家干预主义、公法私法化以及公司社会责任在公司章程上的体现。第三部分是公司章程自治边界的厘定。从公司章程性质综合说出发,推论得出公司法是任意法规范和强制性规范的结合的结论。而公司章程自治的边界,也就是公司章程自治与他治之间的界限,本文对此提出了具有可操作性的规则:从公司法规则体系来确定,分配性规则主要考虑公司各利益方的相互协商,以任意性规则为主;信义性规则是对公司管理层施以的强制性义务,应以强制性规则为主;在结构性规则中,有限责任公司章程自由宽于股份有限责任公司章程自由。从公司章程的变动来看,公司章程修改的自治权要严于公司章程制定的自治权。从公司章程涵盖的公司事务范围来看,公司章程对公司外部事务的规定要严于公司内部事务。第四部分评述我国新《公司法》关于公司章程制度的设定,并提出借鉴国外公司章程两分法完善我国的公司章程制度。在认识到公司法赋予公司章程更多的自治权力的同时,还要防止公司股东滥用公司自治原则侵害小股东和第三人及社会公益,使股东切实树立章程意识,依照章程办事。而公司章程两分法又能够在灵活性、自主性和竞争性方面满足股东的需要,值得借鉴。
[Abstract]:Private law autonomy of articles of association is the main form of corporate autonomy, which is the carrier of corporate autonomy. Under the background of state intervention, the scope of corporate charter autonomy should be based on the value of autonomy and the types of companies. The company is in the stage, the nature of corporate affairs and articles of association related to other aspects to determine, the purpose is to effectively protect corporate autonomy, give play to individual initiative. At the same time, the comprehensive theory of the nature of the articles of association and the dichotomy of the articles of association can better meet the needs of the theory and practice of the company articles of association system. In addition to the preface and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts, which are as follows: The first part is the legal analysis of the autonomy of corporate private law and state intervention, respectively from the logical structure of the two, legal philosophy, historical perspective. Show the company's private law autonomy and national compulsion in each historical period and countries in the world is a universal picture, and analysis of the modern company law legislative trend: to relax government regulation, to encourage party autonomy and innovation. At the same time, strengthening the regulation in the specific economic field has become the trend of the company legislation in the world today. The second part analyzes the conflict and fusion between the autonomy of private law and state intervention in the articles of association, starting with the definition of the legal nature of the articles of association. This paper analyzes the realization of the autonomy of private law and the restriction of state intervention, and demonstrates how the autonomy of private law and state intervention are integrated into the articles of association. One of the innovations of this paper is to put forward the comprehensive theory of articles of association. It also analyzes its structure and value. In general, in the field of companies, the articles of association are the collection of autonomous norms with contractual attributes under the regulation of law, and the articles of association are the effective carriers to realize the autonomy of corporate private law. The autonomy of articles of association is the embodiment of private law autonomy in company law. The constitution of the company is the embodiment of the state interventionism, the private law of public law and the corporate social responsibility. The third part is the determination of the autonomy boundary of the articles of association. From the comprehensive nature of the articles of association, we infer that the company law is the combination of arbitrary legal norms and mandatory norms, and the borderline of the autonomy of the articles of association. That is, the boundaries between the autonomy of the articles of association and other governance, this paper puts forward operational rules: from the company law rules system to determine, distributive rules mainly consider the interests of the company to consult each other. The rule of arbitrariness is dominant; The fiduciary rule is the mandatory obligation to the management of the company, and should be based on the mandatory rule. In the structural rules, the articles of association of a limited liability company are more liberal than the articles of association of a joint stock limited liability company. The autonomy of the amendment of the articles of association is stricter than the autonomy of the articles of association. From the scope of the company affairs covered by the articles of association, the provisions of the articles of association on the external affairs of the company are stricter than the internal affairs of the company. Part 4th comments on the establishment of the company articles of association system in the New Company Law of China. At the same time, we should learn from the dichotomy of articles of association of foreign companies to perfect the system of articles of association of our country. At the same time, we should recognize that the company law gives more autonomous power to the articles of association of companies. It is also necessary to prevent corporate shareholders from abusing the principle of corporate autonomy to infringe on minority shareholders and third parties and social welfare, so that shareholders can set up the consciousness of articles of association and act in accordance with the articles of association, while the dichotomy of articles of association can be flexible. Autonomy and competition to meet the needs of shareholders, it is worth learning.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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