美国二十九个州公司法变革的理论背景

发布时间：2018-02-24 09:26

本文关键词： 利益相关者公司法 “帕累托最优” 私有制司法变革利润最大化赫姆斯特姆不可能性定理财产权集体理性市场竞争　出处：《经济研究》1996年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：正在前苏东社会主义经济国家全面推进以“私有化”为核心的改革的同时,美国的公司法却已发生了向相反方向的深刻变革。长期以来,私有制在公司法中体现为如下公司治理结构(Corporate governance):股东是“所有者”,经理必须并且仅仅为股东的利润最大化服务。但是,从80年代末至今,美国已有29个州(即超过半数的州)修改了公司法。新的公司法要求公司经理为公司的“利益相关者”(stakeholders)服务,而不仅为股东(stockholders)服务。换言之,股东只是“利益相关者”中的一部分,而劳动者、债权人和共同体则为另一部分“利益相关者”(S.Wallman,1991)。公司法的这一重大变革,突破了似乎是天经地义的私有制逻辑(即股东是“所有者”,经理只为所有者服务),成为美国近年政治、经济舞台上最有意义的事件。
[Abstract]:While the former Soviet and Eastern socialist economic countries comprehensively promoted the reform with "privatization" as the core, the United States company law has undergone profound changes in the opposite direction. For a long time, Private ownership is embodied in company law as the following corporate governance structure: shareholders are "owners" and managers must and only serve shareholders' profit maximization. However, from the end of 80s to the present, Twenty-nine states (or more than half of the states) in the United States have amended their company laws. The new company law requires company managers to serve the "stakeholders" of the company, not just stockholders. in other words, Shareholders are only part of the "stakeholders," while workers, creditors, and the community are the other "stakeholders", a major change in the company law. Breaking through the seemingly natural logic of private ownership (that is, shareholders are "owners" and managers serve only owners), it has become the most significant event on the political and economic stage in the United States in recent years.
【作者单位】：中国留美学者麻省理工学院政治系
【分类号】：D971.2

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