篡夺公司机会之法律规制

发布时间：2018-03-01 07:02

本文关键词： 公司机会认定标准制度完善　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公司机会作为一种新的财产类型在公司的持续发展过程中所发挥的作用越来越重要，特别是对于一些高速成长的中小公司来说，也许一个公司机会就决定了一个公司的前途和命运。然而随着公司管理层权力的日益膨胀，公司高管篡夺公司机会的现象在商事实践中也屡见不鲜，一方面与现代公司片面追求经济利润而忽视了对高管人员道德风险问题的管控有关，另一方面在公司治理过程中缺乏对公司机会的法律规制也是造成这种现象的一个重要因素。有鉴于此，公司机会规则在英美法系国家产生并发展，随后大陆法系国家相继有条件的引入公司机会规则，我国新《公司法》也增加了有关公司机会保护的有关条款，《公司法》第149条规定，董事、高级管理人员不得“未经股东会或者股东大会同意，利用职务便利为自己或者他人谋取属于公司的商业机会，自营或者为他人经营与所任职公司同类的业务”，“董事、高级管理人员违反前款规定所得的收入应当归公司所有。”但是，该条文只是一个很宽泛的原则性条款，缺乏可操作性的细化措施，对于公司机会的认定标准、法律规制的高管范围以及对于篡夺公司机会行为的责任追究机制等都没有进行明确，而这些恰恰是公司机会制度发挥作用的核心要素，因此，如何从法律规制的角度对我国篡夺公司机会的行为进行研究和分析，并早日通过立法形式对这一漏洞进行完善则是目前亟需解决的问题。本文分为四个部分，第一个部分是对公司机会规则基本理论的介绍，主要从公司机会规则的定义、公司机会的法律性质、公司机会规则的历史渊源和发展过程几方面进行介绍，，通过对公司机会规则基本理论的简单梳理，找出公司机会规则的重点和难点。第二部分内容是公司机会的认定标准。公司机会认定标准是公司机会规则的核心内容，认定标准的合理与否直接决定着公司机会规则能否在实践中发挥效用。本部分分别从公司机会的现有一般认定标准及评析和公司机会规则的例外即董事利用公司机会的正当性进行论述，通过对不同观点的比较分析，为我国公司机会标准的制定提供可参考的依据。第三部分是公司机会的法律现状研究。这一部分首先阐述英美两国有关公司机会规则的法律现状，通过对两国公司机会规则的规范内容和救济制度的简要介绍，了解英美两国公司机会规则的现有优势，比照我国公司法现有的规定，找出我国公司机会规则义务主体范围、认定标准、篡夺公司机会例外规定和责任追究机制上的缺陷，为我国公司机会规则的完善找到切入点。第四部分是我国禁止篡夺公司机会制度的完善。主要是针对第三部分我国公司机会规则的不足之处提出的建议，建议扩大义务主体范围、明确认定标准、完善例外规定、细化责任追究，使我国的公司机会规则具有可操作性，真正的发挥作用，既保障公司利益，又保障市场交易的有序进行。
[Abstract]:Company opportunity is the role played by more and sustainable development of a new type of property in the company's more important, especially for the rapid growth of small and medium-sized companies, perhaps a corporate opportunity determines a company's future and destiny. However, with the company's management of power expansion, executives to usurp company the company is also the opportunity to It is often seen. in commercial practices, on the one hand and the modern company of one-sided pursuit of economic profit and ignore the moral hazard problem of executive control, one of the most important factors on the other hand, in the process of corporate governance lack of legal regulation of corporate opportunity is the cause of this phenomenon.
In view of this, the corporate opportunity doctrine in Anglo American law system and development, then introduced the corporate opportunity doctrine in civil law countries have conditions, China's new "Company Law > also increased the terms of corporate opportunity protection," Company Law > 149th stipulates that the board of directors, senior management personnel shall not without the consent of the shareholders' meeting or the general meeting of shareholders, the use of his office to seek business opportunities to themselves or others, self or others business with the company for the same business "," board of directors, senior management personnel in violation of the stipulations of the preceding paragraph income shall belong to the company. "However, this provision is only a very broad principles the lack of maneuverability, refinement measures, standards for the company the opportunity, the legal regulation of executive scope and for corporate opportunity behavior accountability mechanisms are not There are clear, and these are precisely the company the opportunity to play a central role in the system elements, therefore, how to carry out the research and analysis of China's usurpation of corporate opportunity behavior from the view of legal regulation, and to improve the early adoption of this vulnerability legislation is an urgent problem.
This paper is divided into four parts, the first part is the basic theory of corporate opportunity rules, mainly from the definition of corporate opportunity rules, the legal nature of the corporate opportunity, several aspects of the historical origin and development process of corporate opportunity rules are introduced, through a simple study of the basic theory of corporate opportunity rules, find out the key point and the difficulty the company opportunity rules.
The second part is the standard of the corporate opportunity. The opportunity that standard is the core content of corporate opportunity rules, the standard is reasonable or not directly determines the corporate opportunity rules can be effective in practice. This part discusses the legitimacy of the existing general standards from the company and the analysis of the opportunity and opportunity, the exception to the rule that the use of the corporate opportunity, through the comparative analysis of different views, for our company the opportunity to provide a reference standard.
The third part is the study of the legal status of the corporate opportunity. This part firstly expounds the legal status of the Anglo American corporate opportunity rules, briefly introduced the rules of the two companies the opportunity of the normative content and relief system, understand the existing advantages of Anglo American corporate opportunity rules, according to provisions of the company law of our country, the opportunity to find out the rules of obligation the main scope of our company standards, defects to usurp company opportunity exceptions and accountability mechanism, for the perfection of corporate opportunity rules find entry point.
The fourth part is to improve the usurp system in our country. Mainly puts forward the shortcomings of the third part of our corporate opportunity rules that suggest that expand the scope of the main obligations, clear standards, perfect exceptions, refinement of accountability, so that our corporate opportunity is operational, to play a real role not only, protect the interests of the company, and security market transaction order.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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