我国关联公司法人格否认制度的适用

发布时间：2018-04-18 12:03

本文选题：关联公司 + 法人格否认制度　；参考：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：关联公司在市场经济中日趋活跃,但公司之间随意转移资产、规避法律义务、滥用法人独立人格等损害债权人利益的行为亟需法律对其规制。实务中常采取对关联公司进行人格否认的做法,此举突破了我国法人格否认制度的责任主体仅为股东的限制。文章第一部分从关联公司和法人格否认制度的研究现状出发,介绍了两者的基础理论,进而回顾了最高人民法院发布的15号指导案例,对其中存在的法律争议问题进行逐一探讨,认为在现行《公司法》下关联公司不符合该制度的责任主体资格,并赞同指导案例参照适用《公司法》第20条第3款的做法。在此基础上,通过对诸多案例的研究,归纳出当前我国司法实践中在关联公司的认定、适用标准以及举证责任分配方面还存在一定困境。鉴于上述司法实况,文章第二部分重点对关联公司的适用问题进行了理论上的分析。关联公司对人格否认制度的适用符合一般条件下适用的理论基础,尤其符合工具学说理论。同时关联公司的适用还需要满足主体、行为和结果这三个要件,最后分析了关联公司的适用将对公司规范经营和法人格否认制度的发展带来积极效应。文章第三部分针对现存的不足之处进行完善探讨。基于对现有公司法体系的理解,从以下三个方面提出一些可行性建议。首先要明确责任主体,结合现行《公司法》的规定界定关联公司的概念,通过修改第20条第3款将关联公司等符合揭开公司面纱规则的主体攘括在内,同时指出股东在符合一定条件时也应共同承担责任。其次要确定适用要件中的法律标准。通过引入法定情形、明确具体评判标准、统一人格混同的认定以解决法官在审判中缺乏衡量依据的问题。最后提出从区分债权人性质和进行举证责任倒置两个方法来适当调整举证责任的分配规则,藉以更好地完善关联公司对法人格否认制度的适用。
[Abstract]:The affiliated companies are becoming more and more active in the market economy, but the behaviors that harm the creditors' interests such as transferring assets arbitrarily, evading legal obligations and abusing the independent personality of legal persons need to be regulated by law.In practice, the practice of personality denial of affiliated companies is often adopted, which breaks through the limitation that the liability subject of the legal personality denial system in our country is only shareholders.In the first part of the article, the author introduces the basic theories of the affiliated companies and the legal personality denial system, and then reviews the guidance case No. 15 issued by the Supreme people's Court.This paper probes into the legal disputes one by one, and considers that the affiliated company does not conform to the liability subject qualification of the system under the current Company Law, and agrees with the practice of guiding the case to apply Article 20, paragraph 3, of the Company Law.On this basis, through the study of many cases, we conclude that there are still some difficulties in the identification, applicable standards and the distribution of the burden of proof in the current judicial practice of our country.In view of the above judicial facts, the second part focuses on the theoretical analysis of the application of affiliated companies.The application of the personality denial system in affiliated companies accords with the theoretical basis of general conditions, especially the theory of instrumentalism.At the same time, the application of affiliated companies also needs to meet the three elements of subject, behavior and result. Finally, the author analyzes that the application of affiliated companies will bring positive effects to the development of the system of corporate normative management and legal personality denial.The third part of the article aims at the existing deficiency to carry on the consummation discussion.Based on the understanding of the existing company law system, some feasible suggestions are put forward from the following three aspects.First of all, it is necessary to make clear the subject of responsibility, define the concept of affiliated company in combination with the provisions of the current Company Law, and include related companies and other subjects that conform to the rules of lifting the veil of companies by amending Article 20, paragraph 3.At the same time, it is pointed out that shareholders should also share responsibility when meeting certain conditions.Secondly, to determine the applicable elements of the legal standards.In order to solve the problem of the judge's lack of measurement in the trial, the legal situation is introduced, the concrete criterion is made clear, and the identification of personality mixing is unified.Finally, the author puts forward two ways to adjust the distribution rules of burden of proof by distinguishing the nature of creditor and inverting the burden of proof, so as to perfect the application of the system of disavowal of legal personality in affiliated companies.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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