破产欺诈的防范与救济

发布时间：2018-05-03 21:35

本文选题：破产欺诈 + 构成要件　；参考：《中央民族大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：破产欺诈是指行为人利用破产制度,违反破产法的规定,通过隐瞒真实情况或者制造虚假情况的手段,导致破产财产减少或者破产财产的负担增加,或者使破产财产状况不明,从而损害债权人利益的行为。破产欺诈损害了债权人的利益,破坏了社会经济的正常秩序,已成为破产制度正常运行的桎梏。针对这类情况,世界许多国家和地区都开始对破产法进行了改革式的修订。尽管各国立法体例不同,修订内容也并不一致,但他们都把从法律上规制破产欺诈提上了议程。各国学者也愈发关注这一问题的研究,提出了各自见解。我国也在《企业破产法》、《民法通则》、《公司法》、《刑法》以及《最高人民法院关于贯彻执行中华人民共和国企业破产法(试行)若干问题的意见》、《最高人民法院关于审理企业破产案件若干问题的规定》等司法解释中也对企业破产、重组案件中对破产企业隐匿、转移资产等侵害债权人权益的欺诈行为作出处理规定。但囿于程序上和制度上的缺陷,迄今为止,我国还没有一套完整的、行之有效的反破产欺诈法律制度,实践中的破产欺诈的现象仍未得到有效遏制。破产欺诈问题的解决对于破产当事人利益保障来说有着重要的意义,对其的规制也关系到国家司法程序的顺利进行、关系到社会经济活动的正常稳定进行。如果任由其发展下去,会对社会信用关系造成无法挽回的损害。因此如何规制破产欺诈也就成为了亟待研究的重要课题。在目前看来,学界对破产欺诈的界定、成因、危害等方面都有所研究,但是在规制与防范方面,仍有不足。因此,笔者拟在对破产欺诈与普通民事欺诈进行区分的基础上,对破产欺诈的构成要件以及类型进行分析,针对破产程序本身的独到之处对破产欺诈的防范加以论述,针对现实中不同种类的破产欺诈展开救济手段进行探讨,借鉴国外先进的立法经验,结合我国新破产法制定过程中出现的问题,有针对性地提出自己的观点,以期为我国现行制度完善提供参考。本文主要由三个部分构成：第一部分,主要阐述破产欺诈的界定与类型两个问题。在与广义的民事欺诈(即法律行为制度中的欺诈与侵权法上的欺诈)进行区别分析的基础上,对破产欺诈行为的构成要件进行逐个剖析,并按照现实中破产欺诈的存在情形将破产欺诈区分为虚假破产中的欺诈与真实破产中的欺诈,为下文所阐述的破产欺诈救济的相关内容奠定基础。第二部分,集中探讨破产欺诈防范制度完善的问题。除了依照《公司法》中提及的对董事、高级管理人员的相关规制来减少破产欺诈发生这类基础方式外,如何借助破产程序中存在很多特有制度——管理人制度、破产保全制度——来防范破产欺诈,是本部分重点讨论的问题。在此,结合我国现行立法实践、比照别国立法,笔者提出些许制度完善建议。第三部分,集中探讨破产欺诈发生后如何进行救济的问题。救济方法因不同破产欺诈类型而有所不同,对虚假破产中的欺诈主要是运用法人人格否认制度来实现,对真实破产中的欺诈则是提出了通过“严格责任豁免制度”与“健全可撤销行为制度”来实现救济的观点。
[Abstract]:Bankruptcy fraud refers to the use of the bankruptcy system, the violation of the provisions of the bankruptcy law, the means of concealing the real situation or making false conditions, resulting in the decrease of the bankruptcy property or the increase of the burdens of the bankrupt property, or the unidentified situation of the bankrupt property, which damages the interests of the creditors. It has broken the normal order of social economy and has become the shackle of the normal operation of bankruptcy system.
In view of these circumstances, many countries and regions in the world have begun to revise the bankruptcy law. Although different legislative bodies and revisions are not consistent, they all put on the agenda of legal regulation of bankruptcy fraud. Scholars from various countries have also paid more attention to the study and put forward their own opinions. The bankruptcy law of the enterprise, the general rules of the civil law, the company law, the criminal law, and the opinions of the Supreme People's Court on the implementation and implementation of the bankruptcy law of the People's Republic of China enterprise (trial execution). The Supreme People's court has also bankrupt the enterprise in the judicial interpretation, such as the regulations of the Supreme People's Court on several problems in the case of enterprise bankruptcy, and the bankrupt enterprise is reorganized in the case. But because of the procedural and institutional defects, there has not been a complete and effective legal system of anti bankruptcy fraud in China so far, and the phenomenon of bankruptcy fraud in practice has not been effectively checked. The protection of the interests of the insolvency parties is of great significance. The regulation of the party is also related to the smooth progress of the national judicial procedure and the normal stability of the social and economic activities. If it is allowed to develop, it will cause irreparable damage to the social credit relationship. The important subject of the study.
At present, the academic circles have studied the definition, cause, and harm of the bankruptcy fraud, but there are still shortcomings in the regulation and prevention. Therefore, on the basis of the distinction between the bankruptcy fraud and the ordinary civil fraud, the author intends to analyze the elements and types of the bankruptcy fraud on the basis of the distinction between the bankruptcy fraud and the common civil fraud, and aim at the uniqueness of the bankruptcy procedure itself. This paper discusses the prevention of bankruptcy fraud, discusses the relief means of different kinds of bankruptcy fraud in reality, draws on the advanced legislative experience of foreign countries and combines with the problems arising in the process of setting up the new bankruptcy legal system in our country, and puts forward his own point of view, in order to provide reference for the improvement of the current system in China.
This article is mainly composed of three parts:
In the first part, it mainly expounds the definition and type of bankruptcy fraud. On the basis of the distinction analysis of the generalized civil fraud (fraud and tort law fraud in the legal act system), the constitutive requirements of the bankruptcy fraud are analyzed one by one, and according to the reality of the existence of the bankruptcy fraud, the bankruptcy and bullying will be carried out. Fraud is divided into fraud in false bankruptcy and fraud in real bankruptcy, laying the foundation for the relevant contents of bankruptcy fraud relief described below.
The second part focuses on the problem of perfecting the system of bankruptcy fraud prevention. In addition to reducing the basic mode of bankruptcy fraud according to the related regulations of the directors and senior managers mentioned in the company law, how to take precautions against the existence of many special systems in the bankruptcy procedure - the administrator system and the bankruptcy preservation system Bankruptcy fraud is a key issue discussed in this part. Based on the current legislation practice in China and other countries' legislation, the author puts forward some suggestions for improving the system.
The third part focuses on the problem of how to carry out the relief after the occurrence of the bankruptcy fraud. The remedy is different because of different types of bankruptcy and fraud. The fraud in the false bankruptcy is mainly realized by the system of legal personality denial, and the fraud in real bankruptcy is put forward through the "strict liability exemption system" and "perfect" The revocation of the system "to realize the view of relief."

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.92

【参考文献】