公司法人格否认的理论与诉讼实践

发布时间：2018-06-05 05:13

本文选题：公司 + 股东有限责任　；参考：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：股东有限责任为公司法人格独立创造了条件,公司具有了独立人格,有限责任公司迅速成为公司的主流,股东躲在了公司的背后。但是,过度地强调公司的独立地位和股东有限责任,使一部分不怀好意的股东利用了公司的形式损害债权人利益,公司徙具形式,债权人索债无门,股东却逃脱了责任,获取巨大利益,使公司制度背离了其设立的初衷,股东与公司债权人利益明显失去了平衡,为实现法律的公平与正义,英美国家在个案中以判例形式设立了公司法人格否认制度,作为对公司独立人格和股东有限责任的补充和限制,并成为世界范围内公司法的重要组成部分。但股东有限责任是公司制度的基石,公司法人格否认必然对这一制度造成冲击,只有在股东滥用法人独立地位和股东有限责任,严重损害债权人利益,债权人通过普通债法的手段无法实现利益的情况下,才适用这一制度。因此,公司法人格否认在构成要件及适用情形方面均有严格的要求,是为了让这一制度既不损害公司法人格独立和股东有限责任这一公司的基础,又能制裁滥用的股东,实现债权人和股东的利益平衡和法律的公正。本文从公司的发展、有限责任及公司独立人格的形成,分析了有限责任对公司制度的基础性作用；通过有限责任对债权人的影响、公司法人格否认的法理基础、公司法人格否认的构成要件的阐述,对公司法人格否认理论有较深的认识；通过对公司法人格否认的适用条件、诉讼程序中的主要问题、举证制度等方面的考证,既强调公司法人格否认的严格适用,又反对将这一原则神秘化,使这一法律原则的运用既不损害股东有限责任,又能够达到制裁滥用公司法人独立地位和股东有限责任的行为,维护公司债权人利益的作用。
[Abstract]:The limited liability of shareholders creates the conditions for the personality independence of company law, the company has independent personality, the limited liability company quickly becomes the mainstream of the company, and the shareholders hide behind the company. However, by placing too much emphasis on the independence of the company and limited liability of shareholders, some malicious shareholders have taken advantage of the form of the company to harm the interests of creditors. In order to achieve the fairness and justice of the law, the company system deviates from the original intention of its establishment, and the interests of shareholders and creditors of the company are obviously out of balance. As a supplement and limitation to the independent personality of the company and the limited liability of shareholders, Anglo-American countries have established the system of disregard of corporate personality in the form of case law, which has become an important part of the company law in the world. However, limited liability of shareholders is the cornerstone of the company system. The denial of corporate personality will inevitably impact this system. Only when shareholders abuse their independent status of legal persons and limited liability of shareholders, the interests of creditors are seriously damaged. Creditors can only apply this system if they can not realize their interests by means of common debt law. Therefore, the denial of corporate personality has strict requirements in terms of its constituent elements and applicable circumstances, in order that the system can neither damage the basis of the company's personality independence and shareholders' limited liability, but also sanction the abused shareholders. To achieve the balance of interests between creditors and shareholders and the justice of the law. Based on the development of the company, the formation of the limited liability and the independent personality of the company, this paper analyzes the basic function of the limited liability on the company system, and the legal basis of the denial of corporate personality through the influence of the limited liability on the creditors. The author has a deep understanding of the theory of the denial of corporate personality by expounding the constitutive elements of the denial of corporate personality, through the textual research on the applicable conditions of the denial of corporate personality, the main problems in the litigation procedure, the system of proof, and so on. It not only emphasizes the strict application of the denial of corporate personality, but also opposes the mysticism of this principle, so that the application of this legal principle can neither harm the limited liability of shareholders, but also punish the abuse of the independent status of the company as a legal person and the limited liability of shareholders. Protect the interests of the creditors of the company.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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