我国公司股东瑕疵出资的法律责任及立法取舍

发布时间：2018-06-05 12:19

本文选题：股东 + 瑕疵出资　；参考：《中国政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 出资是股东的基本义务,股东出资对公司、股东和债权人具有重要的法律意义,有效落实股东出资制度,不仅能够实现股东、公司和公司债权人之间的利益平衡,还能适应建立现代企业制度的需要,达到促进社会主义市场经济发展的目的。股东出资就其性质而言,既是履行股东之间契约义务的行为,在公司成立之后也是履行法定义务的行为。违反出资义务不仅是违反出资义务的股东(发起人)需要对足额缴纳出资的股东承担违约责任,对公司承担缴纳担保责任和填补担保责任,而且其他股东(发起人)也要承担资本充实责任;股东违反出资义务的形态包括:完全不出资、不适当出资两种形式。我国新公司法设立了股东瑕疵出资的民事法律责任,规定股东瑕疵出资根据其情节和性质分别应当承担:刑事责任、行政责任、民事责任。但是,由于我国实行公司制的时间较短,并且受历史传统的影响,针对股东瑕疵出资制定的民事法律责任与西方发达国家相比存有很大的缺陷,例如:我国股东瑕疵出资的法律责任对违反出资义务股东的民事处罚较轻;股东瑕疵的民事责任不完整,责任类型缺失,缺乏有效的救济途径等问题。为健全我国股东瑕疵出资的民事法律责任,本文借鉴西方先进的立法理念,并结合我国的实际情况,建议重新构建股东违反出资义务的法律责任:对股东瑕疵出资应允许直接受到损害的权利人(其他股东、公司债权人),以利害关系人的身份直接向瑕疵出资的股东行使追偿权,从而使受害人遭受的损失得到有效的弥补;完善股东瑕疵出资的违约责任,明确公司对瑕疵出资股东可以选择适用催告失权程序或追缴权,同时公司还有权追究其损害赔偿责任,在公司怠于行使权利时允许其他股东享有股东代表诉讼权;完善资本充实责任的相关法律规定。本文最后对如何利用现行公司法规定的追究违反出资义务股东的法律责任和司法困境的破解进行了分析。
[Abstract]:Capital contribution is the basic obligation of shareholders. It has important legal significance to the company, shareholders and creditors. The effective implementation of shareholder contribution system can not only achieve the balance of interests among shareholders, companies and creditors, It can also meet the needs of establishing modern enterprise system and achieve the purpose of promoting the development of socialist market economy. The shareholder's contribution is not only the act of performing the contractual obligation between shareholders, but also the act of fulfilling the legal obligation after the establishment of the company. Violation of the obligation to contribute not only means that the shareholder (initiator) who violates the obligation of capital contribution shall bear the responsibility for breach of contract to the shareholder who has paid the capital contribution in full, and shall bear the responsibility of paying the guarantee and filling up the guarantee responsibility to the company, And other shareholders (promoters) also have to bear the responsibility of capital enrichment; the forms of shareholders violating the obligation of capital contribution include: completely do not contribute, improper investment in two forms. The new company law of our country has established the civil legal liability of shareholders' defective capital contribution, which stipulates that the shareholders' defective capital contribution should be borne according to its circumstances and nature: criminal liability, administrative liability and civil liability. However, due to the short time of implementing the corporation system and the influence of the historical tradition, the civil legal liability for the shareholders' defective capital contribution has great defects compared with the western developed countries. For example, the legal liability of shareholders' defective capital contribution is relatively light to the shareholders who violate the obligation of capital contribution, the civil liability of shareholders' defects is incomplete, the type of liability is missing, and there is a lack of effective remedies. In order to improve the civil legal liability of shareholders' defective capital contribution in China, this paper draws lessons from the advanced western legislative ideas and combines the actual situation of our country. It is suggested that the legal liability of shareholders for violating the obligation of capital contribution should be rebuilt: the obligee (other shareholders, creditors of the company) who have suffered direct damage to the defective contribution of shareholders should be allowed to exercise the right of recourse directly to the shareholders with defective capital contribution as an interested party. In order to make up for the loss suffered by the victim effectively, improve the shareholders' responsibility for breach of contract of defective capital contribution, make it clear that the company can choose to apply the procedure of calling for the loss of the right or the right of recovery to the shareholders of the defective contribution. At the same time, the company also has the right to investigate its liability for damages, to allow other shareholders to enjoy the right of shareholder's representative litigation when the company is not exercising its rights, and to perfect the relevant legal provisions on the liability of capital enrichment. Finally, this paper analyzes how to make use of the current company law to investigate the shareholders' legal responsibility and solve the judicial dilemma.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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