公司法人人格否认的司法审查规则研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 19:48

本文选题：公司 + 法人人格　；参考：《海南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 2005年新修订的《公司法》首次以成文法的形式正式确立了公司法人人格否认制度。但是,《公司法》对该制度的规定过于原则,该规定究竟应如何适用,至今没有一个统一的标准。理论界对该制度的讨论如火如荼,但司法实践中对该制度的运用却比较少。如何更好地适用该制度,使纸面上的制度走向活生生的司法实践,正成为了一个非常现实而紧迫的问题。我国司法实践在《公司法》修订前已对公司法人人格否认制度作了一些初步探索,主要体现在一些相关的司法解释中,新修订的《公司法》虽然确立了公司法人人格否认制度,但该制度仍然存在一些不足的地方,司法实践中法官因对该制度不能准确的把握,在适用该制度做法不一,最高人民法院亟需出台司法解释指导实践。在实体方面,公司法人人格否认的构成要件包括客观要件、主观要件和因果关系要件；适用情形包括公司资本严重不足、滥用公司人格欺诈债权人、滥用公司人格从事不法行为、滥用公司人格规避法律义务、滥用公司人格规避合同义务、公司人格混同和恶意破产七大情形；民事责任由公司和股东承担无限连带责任,公司或股东承担责任后有权向其他责任股东追偿,责任股东承担责任后不能向公司追偿；在一人公司的法人人格否认中,《公司法》第20条第3款和第64条在内容上不冲突,且法人人格否认不仅适用于投资设立时即为一人有限责任公司的公司,还适用于事后因股权转让、股东减少形成的一人有限责任公司以及虽存在名义股东但实质为一名股东的有限责任公司。在程序方面,案由为股东滥用公司法人地位和股东有限责任赔偿纠纷；案件管辖由公司所在地的中级以上人民法院管辖；诉讼当事人包括原告和被告,原告是指公司的债权人,公司和股东不能成为原告；被告包括公司和控制股东,实际控制人不能成为被告；在举证责任的分配上,实行举证责任倒置；在执行程序中不能直接适用公司法人人格否认制度。
[Abstract]:In 2005, the newly revised Company Law formally established the system of the denial of corporate personality in the form of statutory law for the first time. However, the provisions of the Company Law on this system are too principled, and there is no uniform standard as to how the provisions should be applied. The theoretical circle has been discussing the system in full swing, but it is seldom used in judicial practice. How to better apply the system and make the system on paper move to the real judicial practice, The judicial practice of our country has made some preliminary exploration on the denial system of corporate personality before the revision of Company Law, which is mainly reflected in some relevant judicial explanations. Although the newly revised Company Law establishes the system of denial of corporate personality, there are still some deficiencies in this system. In judicial practice, the judge is not able to grasp the system accurately, so the practice of applying the system is different. The Supreme people's Court urgently needs to issue judicial interpretation to guide the practice. In the aspect of entity, the constitutive elements of the denial of corporate personality include objective elements, subjective elements and causality elements. Abuse of corporate personality fraud creditors, abuse of corporate personality to engage in illegal acts, abuse of corporate personality to circumvent legal obligations, abuse of corporate personality to circumvent contractual obligations, corporate personality mixed with malicious bankruptcy; The civil liability shall be unlimited joint and several liability of the company and shareholders. The company or shareholder shall have the right to claim compensation from other responsible shareholders after assuming the responsibility, and the responsible shareholder shall not be able to recover compensation from the company after assuming the responsibility; In the denial of the legal personality of a one-person company, Article 20, paragraph 3, and Article 64 of the Company Law do not conflict in content, and the denial of legal personality applies not only to a company with limited liability at the time of the establishment of the investment, but also to a company with limited liability of one person. It also applies to a one-person limited liability company resulting from the subsequent transfer of shares and to a limited liability company which has a nominal shareholder but is essentially a shareholder. The case is caused by the abuse of the corporate status of the company by shareholders and the dispute of limited liability of shareholders; the jurisdiction of the case is under the jurisdiction of the people's court at or above the place of the company; the litigant includes the plaintiff and the defendant, and the plaintiff refers to the creditors of the company The defendant includes the company and the controlling shareholder, the actual controller can not become the defendant, and the burden of proof is reversed in the distribution of the burden of proof. The system of denial of corporate personality can not be directly applied in the execution procedure.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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