隐名出资者的法律地位研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 09:45

本文选题：隐名出资者 + 股东资格　；参考：《扬州大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随投资方式的多元化发展,隐名出资的投资方式在我国实践中广泛存在。然而我国《公司法》并未明文规定隐名出资的相关保护方式,这便使得隐名出资者的地位显得十分尴尬,并且也给司法实践带来难以解决的困惑。在现实生活中,不少出资者由于未能及时变更登记或者为了生活可以更加宽裕而选择一份副业以及其他相关不违反法律法规的原因而成为有限责任公司的隐名出资者。然而由于没有相关法律的保护,这种投资方式总是会引起很多纠纷。面对《公司法》没有明文规定且《公司法司法解释三》尚未出台的情形,司法实践对于解决这样一种尴尬现象颇感棘手。在此情形下,关于隐名出资者能否具有生存空间的问题理论界众说纷纭。周友苏教授认为可以用实际控制人和合同制度维护隐名投资者的权益,而刘俊海教授则从信托关系的角度解决隐名出资者的法律地位问题,同时在理论界还存在一种典型的“三大学说”；而实务界也存在大量的审判判例和司法解释,但是各种观点不尽相同。在此背景下,研究有限责任公司中隐名出资者的法律地位便于理解与解决这一尴尬现缘,并有助于剖析《公司法司法解释》的合理性及规范我国投资市场,保护股东的权益。马克思主义法学将法律定义为物质生活发展的产物,即法律需要顺应社会的需要。如果社会中出现了任何空白现象,不论其属于合法抑或非法,均需要法律调控,而不该对其置之不理。基于这样的理论背景,本论题力图结合实践需要研究隐名出资者的地位。首先,从多角度界定何为隐名出资者。关于隐名出资者界定的主要争议集中在隐名出资行为的界定,因此文章需要对隐名出资行为进行清晰界定。隐名出资有广义和狭义之说。广义的隐名出资指只要隐去投资者身份即可,包括了隐名合伙等在内；而狭义的隐名出资仅指在有限责任公司隐名出资。多数学者从显名出资的对立面界定隐名出资,一般认为隐名出资是一种实际出资。而从股东资格的角度界定为实际出资但是未在公司章程、股东名册或工商登记材料中反映出来的。从经济学的角度,隐名出资是一种非常态的投资方式,既然是投资,便是以获利作为最终目的,同时页承担投资风险,因而区别于“明投资,实借贷”的法律关系。总而言之,各种角度都认定隐名出资时一种实际出资。文章试图从隐名出资的历史缘由和类型的视角,进一步理请隐名出资,从而便于下文对于隐名出资者法律地位的分析。其次,便是文章的重点所在,关于隐名出资者与公司之间的法律地位和隐名出资者与名义股东之间的法律地位的不同观点。这部分争论的焦点即是隐名出资者是否具有股东资格以及用何种制度保障隐名出资者的权益。关于该焦点,我国多数观点有条件地承认隐名出资者股东资格。《公司法司法解释三》采用了学说界的主流观点,有条件承认隐名出资者股东资格这一观点,以合同制度保障隐名出资者的权益。在美国,质押股票有投票权这一观点与隐名出资者享有股东权利有异曲同工之处,法律明确承认了隐名合伙,然而对于隐名股东却未提及。德日韩等国家,也都是确定了隐名合伙,未确定隐名股东。法律未明确规定的原因以及对于有限责任公司的隐名出资者的法律地位之争的启示将成为这一部分探讨分析的问题,为进一步完善隐名出资者法律地位提供良好的铺垫。最后,在理清隐名出资者在公司与名义股东之间法律地位的立法与实践观点的基础上,结合我国立法和司法实践的现状,以国外的立法经验为指导,略析《公司法司法解释三》合理性的基础上,结合《公司法司法解释三》对我国隐名出资者法律地位纷争的规定,以保证这样一种尴尬的投资现象得到解决,维护投资秩序的稳定发展。
[Abstract]:With the diversified development of investment mode, the investment mode of anonymous investment exists widely in our country. However, the company law of China has not explicitly stipulated the related protection methods of anonymous capital contribution, which makes the status of anonymous contributors very embarrassing, and it also brings difficult puzzles to judicial practice.
In real life, many contributors have become a secret contributor to a limited liability company due to the failure to change their registration in time or to choose a sideline for the sake of better life, and other related laws and regulations. However, the investment method will always cause a lot of correction because of the lack of protection of the relevant laws. In the case of the case that the company law is not clearly defined and the judicial interpretation of the company law has not yet been introduced, the judicial practice is very difficult to solve such an awkward phenomenon. In this case, there are many different opinions on the problem of whether the invisible contributor can have the living space. Professor Zhou you can use the actual controller and the contract in the opinion of Professor Zhou. The system maintains the rights and interests of invisible investors, while professor Liu Junhai solves the legal status of invisible investors from the perspective of trust relations. At the same time, there is a typical "three university" theory in the theoretical circle, while there are a large number of judicial precedents and judicial interpretations in the practical field, but the various views are different. The legal status of the implicit name contributor in the limited liability company is easy to understand and solve this embarrassing margin, and helps to analyze the rationality of the judicial interpretation of the company law and standardize the investment market of our country and protect the rights and interests of the shareholders.
Marx doctrine law defines the law as the product of the development of material life, that is, the law needs to conform to the needs of the society. If there are any blank phenomena in the society, whether they are legal or illegal, they all need legal regulation and control, but they should not be ignored. Based on this theoretical background, this thesis tries to study the need to study the needs of practice. The status of anonymous contributors.
First, the definition of hidden capital contributors is defined as anonymous contributors from multiple angles. The article is focused on the definition of anonymous capital contribution, so the article needs to clearly define the behavior of private capital contribution. In the narrow sense, the invisible capital contribution only refers to the invisible capital contribution of the limited liability company. Most scholars define the invisible capital contribution from the explicit capital contribution, and generally think that the invisible capital contribution is a kind of actual capital contribution. From the economic point of view, anonymous capital contribution is a very state of investment. Since it is investment, it is the ultimate goal of making profit, and the page takes the risk of investment, so it is different from the legal relationship of "clear investment and real loan". The historical reasons and types of capital contribution make further contribution to dormant investment so as to facilitate the analysis of the legal status of dormant investors.
Secondly, the focus of the article is the different views on the legal status between the anonymous contributors and the company and the legal status between the anonymous contributors and the nominal shareholders. The focus of this debate is whether the anonymous contributors have the shareholders' qualifications and what kind of system to protect the rights and interests of the anonymous contributors. Most views recognize the qualification of shareholders of invisible investors conditionally. < three > the mainstream view of the theory of the legal interpretation of the company law, the view that the shareholder qualification of the invisible contributor is recognized, and the rights and interests of the hidden investors are guaranteed by the contract system. In the United States, the view of the pledge of the stock shares and the shareholders' rights of the anonymous contributors The law clearly recognized the hidden partnership, but it did not mention the hidden partnership. The countries such as Germany, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan and other countries have determined the hidden partnership and unidentified shareholders. The reasons for the undefined law and the enlightenment to the legal status of the anonymous contributors of the limited liability company will be part of this part. It will provide a good foreshadowing for further improving the legal status of dormant investors.
Finally, on the basis of the legislative and practical views of the legal status of the invisible contributors in the company and the nominal shareholders, combined with the present situation of our legislative and judicial practice and the guidance of the foreign legislative experience, on the basis of the reasonableness of the three > the judicial interpretation of the company law, three > the anonymous contributors to our country. The rules of legal status disputes ensure that such an embarrassing investment phenomenon can be solved and the stable development of investment order should be maintained.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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