公司对外担保若干法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 10:18

本文选题：公司对外担保 + 公司章程　；参考：《重庆大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着商事交易的迅速发展,公司作为商事主体具有处分公司财产的权利,允许公司对外担保可以维护商事主体之间的交易安全以及促进资金融通和商品流通。我国现行《公司法》规定了公司对外担保制度,在规定公司具有对外担保能力的同时,还规定公司对外担保必须经过一定的担保程序,即由公司章程规定,股东会或者董事会决议公司对外担保。但对于违反公司对外担保程序,担保合同的效力应如何认定以及担保合同无效后,责任应如何承担,却没有做出规定,引起很多的诉讼纠纷,不利于保障交易安全和促进资金融通。公司是否可以对外担保取决于公司章程的规定。在章程规定的范围内,股东会或董事会按照对外担保程序允许公司对外担保,担保合同是有效的。但是在超越章程规定的范围甚至于违反公司对外担保程序的情况下,股东会或董事会允许公司对外担保,担保合同的效力有待进一步加以认定。如果进入诉讼阶段,在司法实务中应根据具体情况加以分析。公司章程作为公司股东共同意志的载体,对公司、公司股东、董事和高级管理人员具有约束力。公司章程是公司的内部协议,不具有对世效力,不能对抗与公司交易的善意第三人。不宜因公司章程具有公开性与可查阅性,就认定第三人负有审查公司章程的义务,进而推知第三人知晓公司章程的规定。担保合同被确认无效后,不发生履行效力。公司虽然不再承担担保责任,但是应承担相应的法律责任。如进入诉讼阶段,司法人员应根据过错责任原则,依照当事人各自的过错程度,确定公司、债务人和债权人的法律责任,适当的弥补债权人的经济损失,维护市场经济的公平正义。通过运用案例分析、理论联系实际、比较分析等研究方法,重点分析公司章程对担保合同效力的影响和论证债权人不具有审查公司章程的义务,并着重分析担保合同无效后,法律责任的承担问题。在此基础上,结合我国现行《公司法》的规定,提出相关的立法建议,希望对完善公司对外担保制度有所裨益。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of commercial transactions, the company as a commercial subject has the right to branch property, allowing the company to guarantee the security of transactions between commercial subjects, and to promote the circulation of funds and goods. The current Company Law of our country provides for the guarantee system of the company. It also stipulates that the company must go through a certain guarantee procedure, which is stipulated by the articles of association, while the company has the ability to guarantee the external security. The shareholders' meeting or the board of directors shall decide the company's external guarantee. However, for the violation of the company's external guarantee procedures, how to determine the validity of the guarantee contract and how to assume the responsibility after the guarantee contract is invalid, but no provisions have been made, resulting in a lot of litigation disputes. Not conducive to the security of transactions and promote financing. Whether the company can guarantee the company depends on the provisions of its articles of association. Within the scope of the articles of association, the shareholders' meeting or the board of directors shall, in accordance with the external guarantee procedure, allow the company to guarantee the external security, and the guarantee contract shall be valid. However, beyond the scope of the articles of association and even in violation of the external guarantee procedure, the shareholders' meeting or the board of directors allow the company to guarantee the external security, and the validity of the guarantee contract needs to be further confirmed. If it enters the stage of litigation, it should be analyzed according to the specific situation in judicial practice. As the carrier of the common will of the shareholders, the articles of association are binding on the company, shareholders, directors and senior managers. The articles of association are internal agreements of the company, which are not effective against bona fide third parties dealing with the company. Because the articles of association are open and searchable, it is not appropriate to assume that the third party has the obligation to examine the articles of association, and then to infer that the third party knows the provisions of the articles of association. After the guarantee contract is confirmed to be invalid, it shall not be effective for performance. Although the company is no longer liable for the guarantee, it should bear the corresponding legal liability. If entering the stage of litigation, the judicial personnel shall determine the legal liability of the company, the debtor and the creditors in accordance with the principle of fault liability and the degree of fault of the parties concerned, and make up for the economic losses of the creditors appropriately, To safeguard the fairness and justice of the market economy. By means of case study, theory combined with practice, comparative analysis and other research methods, this paper focuses on the analysis of the impact of the articles of association on the effectiveness of the guarantee contract and demonstrates that the creditor does not have the obligation to review the articles of association, and emphatically analyzes the invalidity of the guarantee contract. The question of the bearing of legal liability. On this basis, combined with the current provisions of the Company Law of our country, the relevant legislative suggestions are put forward, hoping to be of benefit to the perfection of the external guarantee system of the company.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【引证文献】