法人格否认规则下一人公司股东责任研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 10:41

本文选题：一人公司 + 法人格否认　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：公司独立人格和股东有限责任是现代公司制度的核心。对刺激投资、活跃资本市场发挥着极其重要的作用。然，因自然人的趋利性倾向，为谋取经济利益的最大化，有可能利用此两项制度从事损害他人利益的行为，对于只有一个自然人股东或一个法人股东的一人公司而言，这种可能性显著增大，且现实中也广泛存在这种问题，基于防止此滥用可能性的需要而设立公司人格否认制度。《公司法》第20条规定公司股东滥用此两项制度逃避债务严重损害债权人利益的，，应对公司债务承担连带责任，《公司法》第64条规定了股东证明自己财产独立于公司财产的举证责任，此两条规定了一人公司适用公司人格否认追究股东责任的基本制度框架，但内容非常原则。实践中运用这一规则追究股东责任受到很大限制，为此，厘清公司法人格否认规则下一人公司股东无限责任的适用具有实际意义。一人公司股东的无限责任问题已成为时下研究的一大难点和重点。对于此问题，笔者试从一人公司法人格否认的角度探析一人股东的无限责任，通过与有限责任的对比分析，明确需要股东承担无限责任的要件及场合，以期为我国今后法理研究和司法实践中所面临的一人公司股东无限责任问题起到抛砖引玉的作用。在公司人格的独立和分离原则的支持下，有限责任制度满足了人们规避风险的意思极大地刺激了投资，有效推动社会经济发展。但在股东仅追求经济利益罔顾公平价值的时候，往往滥用法人独立人格，背离分离原则，往往脱离公司法人制度的宗旨，导致滥设法人、抽逃资金、业务混同、组织机构混同等行为的大量涌现，而当其在逃避法律、合同义务受到法律追究时却又主张有限责任，以致债权人的利益受到侵害。要坚持理论联系实际，在对适用无限责任要件进行更进一步系统理论研究的同时，仔细分析一人公司法人格否认案件，通过对案例的梳理归纳，对滥用公司法人格的行为进行体系化研究，使理论与实践不断磨合，不断地完善一人公司适用公司法人格否认制度，以保障债权人利益，维护经济关系稳定，推动经济的发展。
[Abstract]:Independent personality and limited liability of shareholders are the core of modern company system. To stimulate investment, active capital markets play an extremely important role. However, in order to maximize the economic benefits of natural persons, it is possible to use these two systems to do harm to the interests of others because of the tendency of natural persons to profit, for a one-person company with only one natural person shareholder or one legal person shareholder, This possibility has increased significantly, and the problem is widespread in reality. Based on the need to prevent this possibility of abuse, a system of denial of corporate personality is established. Article 20 of the Company Law stipulates that the shareholders of a company abuse these two systems to evade debts and seriously harm the interests of creditors. Article 64 of the Company Law stipulates the burden of proof for shareholders to prove that their property is independent of the company's property. These two articles stipulate the basic institutional framework for one-person companies to apply corporate personality denial to investigate shareholders' liability. But the content is very principled. In practice, the application of this rule to the investigation of shareholders' liability is greatly restricted. Therefore, it is of practical significance to clarify the application of unlimited liability of shareholders in one-person companies under the rules of corporate personality denial. The problem of unlimited liability of shareholders in one-man company has become one of the most difficult problems and emphases in current research. For this problem, the author tries to analyze the unlimited liability of one person shareholder from the angle of denying the personality of one-person company law. Through the comparison and analysis with the limited liability, it is clear that the requirement and occasion for shareholders to bear unlimited liability. It is expected that the problem of unlimited liability of shareholders of one-person company will play an important role in the future legal research and judicial practice of our country. Supported by the principle of independence and separation of corporate personality, the limited liability system satisfies people's intention of avoiding risks and greatly stimulates investment and effectively promotes social and economic development. However, when the shareholders only pursue economic interests and ignore the fair value, they often abuse the independent personality of legal persons, deviate from the principle of separation, and often deviate from the purpose of the corporate system of the company, leading to excessive efforts to make people, withdraw funds, and mix business with each other. A large number of behaviors such as mixed organization emerge, but when they are evading the law, the contractual obligations are investigated by law, but they advocate limited liability, and the interests of creditors are infringed. It is necessary to adhere to the combination of theory and practice, while making further systematic theoretical research on the application of unlimited liability elements, and at the same time, carefully analyze the case of one person's denial of corporate personality, and sum up the case by combing and summarizing the case. By systematizing the behavior of abusing the personality of company law, the theory and practice are constantly combined, and the system of denying the personality of company law is constantly perfected, in order to protect the interests of creditors, maintain the stability of economic relations and promote the development of economy.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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