我国控股股东滥用公司人格的规制

发布时间：2018-07-25 08:24

【摘要】：我国《公司法》在第20条、第64条明确规定,控股股东损害债权人利益,应当承担赔偿责任。虽然我国的控股股东滥用公司人格的规制制度被设立已有近十年的时间,但是由于公司控股股东滥用公司法人地位的方式千差万别,且在2014年重新修订《公司法》后,公司的设立、股东身份的形成较原来产生了较大的变化,导致现有的法条和司法解释无法更好的规制股东滥用公司人格的行为。因此,需要对该行为进行更详细的研究。论文的第一部分,笔者对控股股东滥用公司人格行为进行理论概述,明确控股股东的概念、滥用公司人格行为的主观要件与客观要件、规制的具体含义并将已被明确为股东滥用公司人格行为的具体情形进行总结。另外,对现有的公司人格否认理论进行归纳与总结,并对德国与英美为主的不同法系的国家股东滥用公司人格的规制制度进行研究,为后面提出我国的规制措施打好理论基础。论文的第二部分,笔者会在不同的法律信息网上收集相关案例,并用诸如“滥用公司法人人格”、“公司人格否认”等关键词进行检索,剔除不符合要求的案例,通过制作表格、纵向对比的方式进行实证研究,并指出当前规制控股股东滥用公司人格行为所面临的问题。通过实证分析,笔者发现,在司法实践中,对于控股股东滥用公司人格的规制存在诸如法官对公司法人人格否认制度的理解不深入,现行法律对股东滥用公司人格的行为标准规定不具体等缺陷。控股股东会利用这些缺陷转移资产、抽逃资金,从而逃避对债权人的债务,使债权人蒙受损失。论文的第三部分,笔者基于对理论与案件的实证分析,提出完善规制控股股东滥用公司人格的方式方法。首先,通过立法的形式,对人格混同的具体行为进行规定;其次,适当的借鉴英美法国家反向公司人格否认制度,使控股股东通过关联公司进行混同以及对公司过度控制的情形得到规制;最后,充分发挥最高法院指导性案例的作用,弥补具体法律法规出台前的困境。本文创新性在于,用数据的方式对控股股东滥用权利的案件进行实证分析,通过纵向对比的方式,发现诸多案件审理中普遍存在的问题,进而提出规制股东滥用公司人格行为的建议。同时,笔者提出了国内研究极少的,反向公司人格否认制度的适用问题,并建议我国法律引进这项属于英美法系的制度,以便更好的规制控股股东滥用公司人格的行为。
[Abstract]:In Article 20 and Article 64 of the Company Law of China, it is clearly stipulated that the controlling shareholder shall bear the liability of compensation if he damages the interests of the creditor. Although the system of controlling shareholders' abuse of corporate personality has been established for nearly ten years in China, the ways of abuse of corporate personality by controlling shareholders of companies vary widely, and after the revision of Company Law in 2014, The establishment of the company, the formation of shareholder identity than the original has produced a great change, resulting in the existing laws and judicial interpretation can not better regulate shareholder abuse of corporate personality behavior. Therefore, this behavior needs to be studied in more detail. In the first part of the thesis, the author summarizes the theory of controlling shareholders' abuse of corporate personality, clarifies the concept of controlling shareholders, the subjective and objective elements of abusing corporate personality. The specific meaning of regulation and will be clearly identified as shareholder abuse of corporate personality specific situation summarized. In addition, the existing theory of corporate personality denial is summarized, and the regulation system of abuse of corporate personality by shareholders of different legal systems in Germany and the United States is studied, which lays a good theoretical foundation for the latter to put forward the regulatory measures of our country. In the second part of the paper, the author will collect the relevant cases in different legal information networks, and use such keywords as "abuse of corporate personality" and "denial of corporate personality" to search, and eliminate the cases that do not meet the requirements. In this paper, the author makes an empirical study by making tables and vertical comparison, and points out the problems in regulating the abuse of corporate personality by controlling shareholders. Through the empirical analysis, the author finds that, in judicial practice, there are some problems in the regulation of controlling shareholders' abuse of corporate personality, such as the judge's understanding of the denial system of corporate personality. The current law on shareholder abuse of corporate personality behavior standards are not specific and other defects. Controlling shareholders take advantage of these defects to transfer assets and withdraw funds, thereby evading debt to creditors and causing losses to creditors. In the third part, based on the empirical analysis of the theory and cases, the author puts forward the ways and means to improve the regulation of controlling shareholders' abuse of corporate personality. First of all, through the form of legislation to regulate the specific behavior of personality mixing; secondly, the appropriate reference to the Anglo-American law countries reverse corporate personality denial system, So that the controlling shareholders through affiliated companies to mix and excessive control of the company to be regulated; finally, give full play to the role of the Supreme Court to guide the case, to make up for the difficulties before the introduction of specific laws and regulations. The innovation of this paper lies in the empirical analysis of cases of abuse of rights of controlling shareholders by means of data, and through longitudinal comparison, we find out the common problems in the trial of many cases. Then it puts forward some suggestions to regulate the abuse of corporate personality by shareholders. At the same time, the author puts forward the application of the negative corporate personality denial system, which is rarely studied in China, and suggests that the law of our country should introduce this system, which belongs to the common law system, in order to better regulate the abuse of corporate personality by controlling shareholders.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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