论股东出资瑕疵责任

发布时间：2018-07-26 16:56

【摘要】：现代公司制度下,股东出资决定着公司的成立与正常经营、股东资格的取得与限制以及债权人利益的保障与维护,对公司、公司股东以及债权人、甚至于社会意义重大。因此,需要法律的充分关注和保障。就我国目前股东的出资而言,股东出资瑕疵现象非常严重,针对股东出资的理论研究比较滞后,立法规定亦不完善,司法适用也不统一。在这种状况之下,笔者结合《公司法》、《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(三)》以及其他相关法律之规定,对股东出资瑕疵之民事责任问题进行了研究。本文分为四部分第一部分股东出资。笔者从股东的界定和股东出资的含义出发,重点论述了股东出资的性质。笔者认为,公司股东出资义务的法定性毋庸置疑,这是由公司法的强行法属性决定的,但是公司股东出资义务的法定性不可否认股东出资的意思自由;股东出资的契约性,因其在解释力方面的缺陷以及无法全面地解决股东出资过程中出现的问题,应被共同法律行为理论所替代。因此,对于公司股东出资的性质而言,应该通过法定性和共同法律行为双重视角来考量。股东出资过程中出现的瑕疵问题,也应该运用法定性理论和共同法律行为理论来解决。第二部分股东出资瑕疵。通过本部分,笔者论述了股东出资瑕疵的概念、主要表现形式及危害,并以法律的视角对造成股东出资瑕疵的原因进行了分析。笔者将股东出资瑕疵的表现形式分为理论上的表现形式和法律确定的表现形式即司法解释三所确定的表现形式。在股东出资瑕疵的危害方面,分别论述了对公司、已履行出资义务股东、公司债权人以及社会的危害。并认为:1.公司注册资本分期缴纳制为股东出资瑕疵打开了方便之门;2.股东权利责任不协调间接放纵了股东出资瑕疵;3.《公司法》关于股东出资瑕疵责任的规定缺少程序性规定的保障。第三部分股东出资瑕疵的民事责任。股东出资瑕疵,不仅要对公司承担责任,还要对已履行出资义务股东以及债权人承担责任。对公司的责任,笔者主要围绕责任的性质和方式展开了分析;对已履行出资义务股东的责任,笔者分析了出资瑕疵股东是否要对其他股东承担责任以及该责任的性质、归责原则和责任方式;对债权人责任,论述了公司法人格否认制度对债权人保护的意义、不足和完善,并分析了承担责任的方式。此外,在本部分,笔者还对股东出资瑕疵情况下,公司的其他股东、董事、高级管理人员以及相关第三人的责任问题,出资瑕疵股权转让后的责任承担问题进行了分析。第四部分股东出资瑕疵民事责任制度重构之建议。对于股东出资瑕疵民事责任制度的重构,笔者提出了如下建议:1.完善股东出资责任制度;2.合理分配瑕疵出资股东与其他相关主体之责任;3.加强债权人权益的保护;4.完善股东出资瑕疵责任的程序性规定。
[Abstract]:Under the modern company system, the shareholders' contribution determines the establishment and normal operation of the company, the acquisition and restriction of the shareholders' qualification and the guarantee and maintenance of the interests of the creditors. It is of great significance to the company, the shareholders of the company and the creditors, even in the society. Therefore, the law should be fully closed and protected. The phenomenon of the defective capital contribution is very serious. The theoretical research on the shareholders' contribution is lagging behind, the legislative provisions are not perfect and the judicial application is not uniform. Under this situation, the author combines the company law, the regulations of the Supreme People's Court on the application of the "People's Republic of China company law" (three) and other relevant laws. The civil liability of shareholders' defects in capital contribution is studied.
This article is divided into four parts
The author, from the definition of shareholders and the meaning of shareholders' contribution, focuses on the nature of shareholders' capital contribution. The author holds that the legal nature of the corporate shareholders' capital contribution is beyond doubt, which is determined by the strong law of the company law, but the legal nature of the corporate shareholders' obligations can not be denied by the shareholders. Freedom of thinking; the contractual nature of shareholders' contribution should be replaced by the theory of common legal behavior because of its defects in the explanatory power and the failure to solve the problems arising in the process of shareholders' contribution. Therefore, the nature of the capital contribution of the shareholders should be examined by the dual perspective of legal and common legal behavior. Defects arising from the process should also be solved by statutory theory and common legal behavior theory.
The second part of the shareholder's investment defect. Through this part, the author expounds the concept of the defect of shareholders' contribution, the main forms and the harm, and analyzes the cause of the defect of the shareholders' contribution from the legal point of view. The author divides the expression form of the shareholder's investment defect into the form of expression in theory and the form of expression of the law, that is, the company. The law explains the three forms of expression. In the harm of shareholders' investment defects, we discuss the harm to the company, the shareholders, the creditors of the company and the society, and think that the installment payment system of the registered capital of the 1. company opens the door for the defects of the shareholders' contribution, and the 2. shareholder's rights and responsibilities are incompatible with the indirect indulgence of the stock. There are defects in capital contribution in the East, and there is a lack of procedural protection in the provisions of 3.< company law.
The third part of the shareholder's civil liability for the defective capital contribution. The defect of shareholders' contribution should not only take responsibility for the company, but also take responsibility for the shareholders and creditors who have fulfilled the obligation. The author mainly analyzes the nature and mode of the liability, and analyzes the contribution to the liability of the shareholders. Whether the defective shareholders should be responsible for other shareholders and the nature of the liability, the principle of liability and the way of responsibility, and the meaning of the system of denial of corporate personality to the protection of creditors, lack and perfection, and analyze the ways of taking responsibility for the creditor's responsibility. In addition, in this part, the author also gives the defects of the shareholders' investment. The responsibilities of other shareholders, directors, senior managers and the third party concerned are analyzed.
The fourth part of the shareholder's contribution defect civil liability system reconstruction proposal. For the reconstruction of the shareholder's liability system for defective capital contribution, the author puts forward the following suggestions: 1. perfecting the system of shareholders' contribution liability; 2. rationally distributing the liability of the shareholders and other related subjects; the protection of the rights and interests of the 3. strengthening creditors; and 4. perfecting the defect of the shareholders' contribution. The procedural provisions of the responsibility.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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