我国公司董事义务制度的完善

发布时间：2018-07-28 10:57

【摘要】： “如果将公司比作一个民主的小国家,董事会就是这个民主小国的政府。一旦被选并掌权,则在其被赶下台之前,董事会对公司的运行便拥有了几乎全部的权力。”①现代公司中确立的董事会中心主义直接导致了董事会和董事的权力的日渐扩张。公司董事会是公司法定的常设机关,对外是公司的代表机关,对内是公司的经营决策机关,对整个公司的运营起到非常重要的作用。董事是董事会的成员,公司董事会的正常运转都是通过董事来完成的,董事在公司的整个运营过程当中承担着非常重要的作用。为董事设定义务直接关系到董事能否适当地履行自己的职权,维护公司和股东的利益。正如有学者说,“如何规范藏在公司背后的人和他们的行为是公司法一个重点要解决的问题。”从某种意义上说,“公司法的发展过程就是一个不断修正董事责任和义务的过程”。②为了防止董事滥用职权,很多英美法系和大陆法系的国家都对公司董事的义务进行了详尽的规定,规定主要分为公司董事的忠实义务和注意义务两个方面,这两大义务构成了公司董事义务制度的基本内容。《中华人民共和国公司法》(以下简称《公司法》)对公司董事的忠实义务有着比较明确的规定,同时也明确规定了公司董事的勤勉义务。但是我国《公司法》并没有明确规定董事的注意义务。公司董事的注意义务不完全等同于勤勉义务,注意义务的内涵较勤勉义务而言更加丰富。本文从娃哈哈集团和达能集团之间关于董事忠实义务的重要内容之一——竞业禁止义务的一个案例出发,得出对董事义务研究的重要性的认识,接着又介绍了董事义务的基本理论内容,公司董事的忠实义务、注意义务及我国公司董事义务制度存在的问题,中间穿插了一些中国和外国的案例并予以分析。最后,笔者就如何完善我国公司董事义务制度给出了自己的建议。本文的重点在于我国公司董事忠实义务的完善和我国公司董事注意义务的完善。本文的创新之处在于,一是能从公司董事不同分类的视角来谈公司董事的忠实义务和注意义务;二是明确了我国《公司法》规定的“勤勉义务”和注意义务之间被包容的关系;三是试图将公司董事注意义务具体化,列举出董事注意义务应当包含几个方面的内容;四是提出关于公司董事忠实义务和注意义务立法、司法方面具有可操作性的建议。
[Abstract]:"if companies are compared to a small democratic state, the board of directors is the government of that small democratic country. Once elected and in power, the board of directors has almost all the power over the operation of the company before it is ousted. "[1] the established centralism of the board of directors in modern companies directly leads to the expansion of the powers of the board of directors and directors." The board of directors of the company is the legal standing organ of the company, the representative organ of the company outside, and the management decision-making organ of the company at home, which plays a very important role in the operation of the whole company. Directors are members of the board of directors, the normal operation of the board of directors is accomplished by the directors, directors play a very important role in the whole operation process of the company. The establishment of obligations for directors is directly related to whether the directors can properly perform their functions and powers and safeguard the interests of the company and shareholders. As some scholars say, "how to regulate the people behind the company and their behavior is a key issue in corporate law." In a sense, "the development of company law is a process of constantly revising directors' responsibilities and obligations" .2 in order to prevent directors from abusing their powers, Many countries in the common law system and the civil law system have made detailed provisions on the obligations of company directors, which are mainly divided into two aspects: the duty of loyalty and the duty of care. These two obligations constitute the basic content of the system of directors' obligations. The Company Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "Company Law") has relatively clear provisions on the duty of loyalty to directors of companies. At the same time, it also clearly stipulates the duty of diligence of the directors of the company. However, China's Company Law does not clearly stipulate the directors' duty of care. The duty of care is not equal to the duty of diligence, and the duty of care is more abundant than the duty of diligence. Based on a case study between Wahaha Group and Danone Group, which is one of the most important contents of directors' duty of loyalty, this paper draws a conclusion on the importance of the study of directors' obligations. Then it introduces the basic theoretical content of directors' obligations, the duty of loyalty of company directors, the duty of care and the problems existing in the system of directors' obligations in our country. Some cases from China and foreign countries are interspersed and analyzed. Finally, the author gives his own suggestions on how to perfect the system of directors' obligations in our country. The emphasis of this paper is on the perfection of the duty of loyalty and the duty of care of directors in our country. The innovation of this paper lies in the fact that, first, the duty of loyalty and duty of care of directors can be discussed from the perspective of different categories of company directors, the other is that the relationship between "duty of diligence" and "duty of care" stipulated in the Company Law of our country is clearly defined. Third, it tries to concretize the duty of care of company directors, enumerates that the duty of care of directors should contain several aspects; fourth, it puts forward some suggestions on the legislation of the duty of loyalty and duty of care of company directors, and the maneuverability of judicature.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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