我国独立董事制度的现存弊端与制度完善

发布时间：2018-07-29 11:15

【摘要】：独立董事制度是指由独立的外部董事在公司董事会中担任一定的职务,形成对公司管理层的监督和制约,主要是为了克服公司董事会被控股股东及其管理层控制从而违背全体股东和公司整体利益的弊端,以此改善公司治理结构,维护全体投资者和公司的整体利益,实现股东利益与公司价值的最大化。独立董事制度起源于美国的公司治理制度,其对独立董事制度的选择是由于公司所有权和控制权分离后,公司被管理层控制,公司的权利结构出现失衡,为了制衡管理层,维护股东利益,降低代理成本,确立了独立董事行使监督职能。我国公司的治理结构为“二元制”,监事会是公司的法定监督机构。我国独立董事制度的引进,起初是为了公司在海外上市而被动引进,但是在实践中,独立董事表现出了监事会所没有的价值,其具有的“独立性”和专业性对于弥补监事会的缺陷和完善公司治理结构,制衡控股股东和“内部人控制”起到了不可或缺的作用,因此,独立董事制度最终在我国以《公司法》的形式得到了确认。我国的独立董事制度引进时问短,所以尚存在不少的弊端。首先是因为现行法制的不健全,配套法规出台的迟缓,使独立董事制度的法律规范体系不完善,如此以来,独立董事制度在权、义、责方面的不协调、不具体,严重阻碍着独立董事制度功能的发挥。同时由于上市公司股权结构的“一股独大”及我国传统文化的根深蒂固,这些外在环境都使得独立董事难以充分的行使自己的职权,发挥自己的作用。因此,为了顺利推行独立董事制度,使之起到预期的作用,必须对独立董事制度进行改造,使其得以完善。他山之石,可以攻玉。美国作为独立董事制度的发源地,在建立和完善独立董事制度方面有着成熟的经验。因此对美国独立董事制度的重点内容进行评析和借鉴是具有重要意义的。当然,独立董事制度在美国的发展也并非一帆风顺,出现了譬如安然和世通等震惊世界的案例,这些案例揭示了美国独立董事制度的弊端,这也当引起我们的注意,在建立我国独立董事制度的过程中,要兴利除弊,结合本国实际国情,借鉴他国成功经验,吸取他国失败教训,不断健全和完善我国上市公司的独立董事制度。我国目前的独立董事制度,急切需要在国家立法机关、非政府自律组织和上市公司自身三方共同的积极配合下,把健全独立董事制度作为着力点,通过独立董事选任机制、独立董事的激励和约束机制、独立董事权利保障机制等方面的完善,提高独立董事现阶段的地位,维护其应有的“独立性”,保障其基本的权利,使其充分发挥自身的监督作用,提高自身的参与决策的作用。尤其在我国现阶段,公司治理结构改革正在进行,证券市场正在蓬勃发展,除了大型的上市公司外,规模较小的公司也在创业板集中上市的过程中,一套完善的独立董事制度的快速出台,对于维护全体股东和整个公司的利益具有极其重要的意义。从全局来看,独立董事制度的完善和发展,对维护我国经济的稳定和繁荣也具有不可替代的作用。
[Abstract]:The independent director system means that the independent external director holds certain duties in the board of directors of the company, and forms the supervision and restriction to the management of the company. It is mainly to overcome the abuse of the controlling shareholders and their management of the company's board of directors, which violates the overall interests of the whole shareholders and the company, so as to improve the corporate governance structure and maintain it. The overall interests of all investors and companies maximize the interests of the shareholders and the value of the company. The independent director system originates from the corporate governance system in the United States. The choice of the independent director system is due to the separation of the ownership and control of the company. The company is controlled by the management, and the structure of the company's rights is out of balance, in order to balance management. In order to maintain the interests of shareholders and reduce the agency cost, the supervisory function of independent directors is established. The governance structure of our company is "two yuan system", and the board of supervisors is the legal supervision organization of the company. The introduction of independent director system in China was introduced for the company to be listed overseas at first, but in practice, independent directors showed that The value of the board of supervisors has no value. Its independence and professionalism have played an indispensable role in making up the defects of the board of supervisors, perfecting the corporate governance structure, balancing controlling shareholders and "insider control". Therefore, the independent director system has been confirmed in the form of "public justice" in China.
The introduction of independent director system in China is short, so there are still a lot of drawbacks. First, because the current legal system is not perfect and the relevant laws and regulations are slow, the legal system of the independent director system is not perfect. In this way, the independent director system is incongruous in the right, meaning and responsibility, and is not specific, which seriously hinders the independent board of directors system. At the same time, because of the independence of the stock structure of the listed companies and the deep-rooted traditional culture of our country, the external environment makes it difficult for the independent directors to exercise their functions and powers fully and play their role. Therefore, in order to carry out the independent director system successfully, the independent director must be independent. The director system is reformed to make it perfect.
As the birthplace of the independent director system, the United States has a mature experience in the establishment and improvement of the independent director system. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze and draw on the key contents of the independent director system of the United States. Such cases as Enron and WorldCom shocked the world. These cases reveal the drawbacks of the independent director system of the United States, which should also arouse our attention. In the process of establishing our independent director system, we should benefit from the actual conditions of the country, draw on the successful experience of his country, draw lessons from the failure of his country, and constantly improve and perfect our country. The independent director system of the listed company.
The current independent director system in China is urgently needed in the active cooperation of the three parties of the national legislature, the non-governmental self-discipline organization and the listed company itself, and the perfect independent director system as the focus point, the independent director selection mechanism, the independent director's incentive and restraint mechanism, the independent director's rights guarantee mechanism and so on. To improve the status of the independent director at the present stage, to maintain its "independence", to guarantee its basic rights, to give full play to its own supervisory role and to improve the role of its own participation in decision-making. Especially in the present stage of our country, the reform of corporate governance is being carried out, and the securities market is booming, except for large listed companies. In addition, small companies are also in the process of centralization of the gem. A set of perfect independent director system is of great significance for the maintenance of the interests of all shareholders and the whole company. In the whole situation, the perfection and development of the independent director system can not be used to maintain the stability and prosperity of our country's economy. The role of substitution.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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