股东表决权行使法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 19:11

【摘要】：股东表决权是股东按所持股份参加公司的权利,股尔表决权的行使影响公司经营决策和治理结构,是公司法理论基本问题之一。对股东表决权行使法律问题进行系统研究,可以为实现公司内部民主和促进公司运营效率提供思路。保障股东表决权行使并对其进行必要的限制,从中寻找兼顾公平与正义的平衡点是研究的主要方向。本文采用比较分析和价值分析的方法,梳理我国立法和实践的同时分析国外相关制度,为完善我国立法提供借鉴；分析各法理价值在具体情形中的位阶,为表决权行使相关制度完善提供理论基础。股东表决权具有独特的法律属性,作为股东的重要权利,它是一种特殊的民事权利。区别于其他的股东权,股东表决权具有行使结果的共益性,是股东享有的法定固有权,是可由股东单独行使的权利。无论是在股东与公司管理层的外部关系中,还足在股东之问的内部关系中,表决权均扮演着重要的角色。行使表决权是股东能够实现对公司的拧制权的基本途径,同时也是股东争夺公司控制权的有效手段。为维护公司的决策的稳定性和运转的有序性,股东行使表决权应遵循一定的原则。体现了股权平等的一股一权原则和由其派生的资本多数决原则是股东投票表决的基本原则,与集中行使原则一同成为表决权行使的一般原则。由于一般原则在特殊情形下具有一定的局限性,会带来某些负面效应,因此有必要对股东持有无表决权股、多重表决权股、零股份等的情形进行分析,对一般原则予以适当地修正股东表决权的行使的方式,影响着股东权利和公司经营决策效率的实现。表决权的亲自行使和代理行使,是实践中最常见的形式,也是法律规定的基本形式。近年来由于现实的需要,实践中出现了多种行使表决权的特别方式,包括表决权信托、表决权协议等,合理地规制有助于保护股东权益和实现公司决策效率。随着时代发展,出现了书而行使和网络行使等新型的表决权具体行使方法,应借鉴国外相关经验使之规范化。在实践中存在股东滥用其表决权的情况,对其他股东利益造成了不利影响，，因此在特殊情形下对表决权行使进行限制是必要的。正义原则、利益平和原则和权力不得滥用原则为表决权的必要限制提供了理论依据。对股东表决权进行限制的情形主要有控股东表决权的行使、公司相互持股表决权行使、公司自持股份表决权行使等。另外,股东表决权排除制度是维护公司整体利益的重要措施,应在我国立法中对相关规定进行完善
[Abstract]:The voting right of shareholders is the right of shareholders to participate in the company according to the shares held. The exercise of voting rights of shares affects the management decision and governance structure of the company and is one of the basic problems in the theory of company law. A systematic study on the legal issues of shareholder voting rights can provide ideas for the realization of internal democracy and the promotion of corporate operation efficiency. The main direction of the research is to guarantee and restrict the voting rights of shareholders and find the balance between fairness and justice. This article uses the comparative analysis and the value analysis method, combs our country legislation and the practice simultaneously analyzes the foreign correlation system, provides the reference for the consummation our country legislation; This paper analyzes the rank of each legal value in the concrete situation, and provides the theoretical basis for perfecting the relevant system of exercise of voting rights. As an important right of shareholders, the voting right of shareholders is a special civil right. Different from other shareholders' right, the shareholder's voting right has the common benefit of the result, it is the legal firm right enjoyed by the shareholder, and it is the right which can be exercised by the shareholder alone. Voting rights play an important role both in the external relationship between shareholders and the management of the company and in the internal relations of shareholders. The exercise of voting rights is the basic way for shareholders to realize the right to control the company, and it is also an effective means for shareholders to fight for the control of the company. In order to maintain the stability of the company's decision-making and the order of operation, shareholders should follow certain principles to exercise their voting rights. The principle of "one share, one right" of equity equality and the principle of capital majority decision derived from it are the basic principles of voting by shareholders, and together with the principle of centralized exercise, they become the general principles of exercising voting rights. Because the general principle has certain limitations under special circumstances, it will bring some negative effects, so it is necessary to analyze the situation of shareholders holding non-voting shares, multi-voting shares, zero shares, etc. The ways of the exercise of shareholders' voting rights should be amended properly according to the general principles, which will affect the realization of shareholders' rights and the efficiency of the company's management decision. The exercise of voting rights in person and acting is the most common form in practice and the basic form stipulated by law. In recent years, due to the practical needs, there are many special ways to exercise voting rights in practice, including voting trust, voting agreement and so on. Reasonable regulation helps to protect shareholders' rights and interests and realize the efficiency of corporate decision-making. With the development of the times, some new ways of exercising voting rights, such as the exercise of books and the exercise of network, should be standardized by drawing lessons from the relevant experience of foreign countries. It is necessary to restrict the exercise of voting rights under special circumstances because there are cases of shareholders abusing their voting rights in practice, which have a negative impact on the interests of other shareholders. The principle of justice, the principle of peace of interest and the principle of non-abuse of power provide the theoretical basis for the necessary restriction of voting rights. The main restrictions on shareholders' voting rights are the exercise of holding right, the exercise of cross-shareholding voting rights, the exercise of the voting rights of the company's own shares, and so on. In addition, the system of exclusion of shareholders' voting rights is an important measure to safeguard the overall interests of the company, and the relevant provisions should be perfected in our legislation.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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