有限责任公司股东消极清算责任研究

发布时间：2018-11-19 16:23

【摘要】：我国社会经济中,存在着较多的不诚信的行为,大量已解散的公司“人去楼空”,股东消极履行其法定义务,侵害了债权人的利益。为解决这一问题,我国《公司法》规定了股东侵权赔偿责任制度和股东直索责任制度,但却并未将制度本身的构成要件进行明晰,导致现实中对这一制度的理解出现很多偏差,不适当的突破了公司法人独立和股东有限责任这一原则,股东利益受到损害。本文拟从有限责任公司股东消极清算这一角度,讨论有限责任公司股东所应当承担的法律义务和法律责任,提出立法建议,以期在司法实践中能够对公司清算工作提供一些帮助,有利于维护公司制度健康的发展。在保护债权人合法利益的前提下,同时较为公平的保障守法股东的利益。股份有限公司清算纠纷现实中较为少见,规范更加严格,因此,本文仅研究有限责任公司的股东消极清算责任的问题。本文分为四个部分。第一部分介绍了有限责任公司股东消极清算责任的基本理论。首先,分析了有限责任公司清算的情况,介绍了公司清算制度及其意义。其次,对有限责任公司股东消极清算责任这一制度进行了介绍。第二部分介绍了国外股东责任相关理论。对有限责任公司股东消极清算责任有着直接影响的理论主要是人格否认制度。在英美法系国家,该理论被称为“揭开公司面纱”理论,在大陆法系,该理论被称为“股东直索理论”。第三部分是对有限责任公司股东消极清算责任制度的构成进行了分析。首先,分析了有限责任公司股东消极清算的责任主体,提出应该允许股东有权提出免责抗辩;其次,对有限责任公司股东消极清算责任的举证和规则原则进行了分析;最后,就股东之间的责任分配问题进行了阐述。该部分是本文的主体,笔者依据现实操作中遇到的困惑提出了自己的看法。第四部分是对我国有限责任公司股东消极清算责任制度的立法和实践的评价,我国关于公司清算的法律体系构建正在发展之中,目前仍存在着不足之处。针对笔者认为的不足支付,笔者提出了完善有限责任公司股东消极清算责任制度的建议。笔者认为,尽快在《公司法》中对有限责任公司股东消极清算责任制度进行进一步的明晰,依法构建我国社会主义特色的有限责任公司股东消极清算责任体系,是在有限责任公司清算中保障债权人利益和股东利益的根本途径。
[Abstract]:In the social economy of our country, there are many dishonest behaviors, a large number of disbanded companies are gone, and the shareholders passively fulfill their legal obligations, which infringes the interests of creditors. In order to solve this problem, the Company Law of our country has stipulated the system of shareholders' tort liability and the system of shareholders' direct claim liability, but it has not made clear the constituent elements of the system itself, which leads to a lot of deviations in the understanding of this system in reality. Improper breach of the principle of corporate independence and limited liability of shareholders, shareholders' interests have been damaged. From the angle of negative liquidation of shareholders of limited liability companies, this paper discusses the legal obligations and liabilities of shareholders of limited liability companies, and puts forward some legislative suggestions. In order to provide some help to the company liquidation in judicial practice, it is helpful to maintain the healthy development of the company system. On the premise of protecting the legitimate interests of creditors, the interests of law-abiding shareholders should be protected fairly at the same time. Liquidation disputes of limited stock companies are rare in reality and more strict in regulation. Therefore, this paper only studies the negative liquidation liability of shareholders in limited liability companies. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the basic theory of shareholders' negative liquidation liability of limited liability company. First of all, it analyzes the liquidation of limited liability companies, introduces the liquidation system and its significance. Secondly, the system of shareholders' negative liquidation liability of limited liability company is introduced. The second part introduces the foreign shareholder liability theory. The theory that has direct influence on shareholders' negative liquidation liability of limited liability company is the system of personality denial. In common law countries, this theory is called the theory of "unveiling the veil of company", and in the civil law system, it is called "the theory of direct claim of shareholders". The third part analyzes the constitution of shareholders' negative liquidation liability system of limited liability company. First of all, it analyzes the liability subject of shareholders' negative liquidation in limited liability company, and puts forward that shareholders should be allowed to raise exemption defences; secondly, it analyzes the principle of proof and rules of shareholders' negative liquidation liability of limited liability company. Finally, the problem of responsibility distribution among shareholders is expounded. This part is the main body of this paper. The fourth part is the evaluation of the legislation and practice of the shareholders' negative liquidation liability system of the limited liability company in China. The legal system of the company liquidation in our country is under development and there are still some deficiencies at present. In view of the deficiency of payment, the author puts forward some suggestions to perfect the negative liquidation liability system of shareholders in limited liability companies. The author believes that the system of negative liquidation liability of shareholders of limited liability companies should be further clarified in the Company Law as soon as possible, and the system of negative liquidation liability of shareholders of limited liability companies with socialist characteristics of our country should be constructed in accordance with the law. It is the fundamental way to protect the interests of creditors and shareholders in the liquidation of limited liability companies.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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