我国有限责任公司瑕疵股权转让法律问题研究

发布时间：2019-02-09 12:32

【摘要】：股权的可转让性是由公司的资本性、盈利性及股权的独立性所决定的,谈及股权转让,面临的法律问题主要集中在股权转让带来的权利、义务及相关责任的变更。此外,在股权转让过程中,往往会因为有限责任公司股东存在虚假出资、抽逃出资等情形产生一系列法律问题,即瑕疵股权转让法律问题。本文从以下四个方面进行了论述。第一部分是股权转让的概念及《中华人民共和国公司法》(以下简称“我国公司法”)中关于有限责任公司股权转让的规定,并对该规定进行了简要分析、提出了自己的观点,即我国公司法第七十二条之规定应为程序性规范;第二部分分析了我国有限责任公司瑕疵股权转让的几种情形,包括主体瑕疵、客体瑕疵、程序瑕疵。其中:主体瑕疵主要是指隐名股东转让股权问题,结合国外立法例,笔者认为隐名股东并不是我国公司法意义上真正的股东,不具备股东资格,其转让股权行为视为主体瑕疵情形。客体瑕疵主要是指有限责任公司股东之虚假出资、抽逃出资、出资不实的情形。程序瑕疵主要是说股权转让违反我国公司法第七十二条之规定,当然这里要结合对七十二条第四款之理解,笔者认为我国公司法赋予了有限责任公司章程很大程度的自治权,可以对股权之转让做出同第七十二条前三款不同的约定,这样的约定应当认定为有效的;第三部分,基于前文论述,笔者接下来论述了瑕疵股权转让之流程。对于流程,笔者重点分析了瑕疵股权转让合同的效力、股权转让合同的生效并不意味着股权转让完成、股权变动何时发生以及股权转让的结果四个方面的问题;第四部分,在论述过程中,还穿插了对一个问题的探讨:在瑕疵股权转让过程中,成为新股东的受让方是否应该与瑕疵出资股东一起承担因原股东瑕疵出资而应承担的民事责任?如果承担,是否为一种连带责任? 总之,笔者认为,通过对有限责任公司股权转让、瑕疵股权转让的论述,厘清有限责任公司瑕疵股权转让流程以及转让过程中一系列法律问题,能够给公司法实务提供有益帮助,具备一定的理论意义和现实意义。
[Abstract]:The transferability of equity is determined by the capital, profitability and independence of the company. When it comes to equity transfer, the legal problems mainly focus on the change of rights, obligations and related responsibilities brought by equity transfer. In addition, in the process of equity transfer, there are often a series of legal problems, that is, defective equity transfer, due to the existence of false capital contribution by shareholders of limited liability companies and withdrawal of capital contribution. This article has carried on the discussion from the following four aspects. The first part is the concept of equity transfer and the provisions of the Company Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "the Company Law of our country") on the transfer of shares of limited liability companies, and gives a brief analysis of the provisions and puts forward its own views. That is, the provisions of Article 72 of the Company Law of our country should be procedural norms; In the second part, the author analyzes several cases of the transfer of defective shares in China's limited liability companies, including the defects of subject, the defects of object and the defects of procedure. Among them: the subject defect mainly refers to the transfer of shares by anonymous shareholders. In combination with foreign legislation, the author thinks that anonymous shareholders are not the real shareholders in the sense of our company law, and they do not possess the qualification of shareholders. The transfer of equity is regarded as the defect of the subject. Object defect mainly refers to the false contribution of shareholders of limited liability company, the withdrawal of capital contribution and the false investment. Procedural defects mainly say that the transfer of shares violates the provisions of Article 72 of the Company Law of our country. Of course, with the understanding of the fourth paragraph of Article 72, the author thinks that the Company Law of our country has given a great degree of autonomy to the articles of association of limited liability companies. May make a different agreement on the transfer of shares than the preceding three paragraphs of Article 72, and such an agreement shall be deemed to be valid; The third part, based on the previous discussion, the author then discusses the process of the transfer of defective shares. For the process, the author focuses on the analysis of the effectiveness of the defective equity transfer contract, the effectiveness of the equity transfer contract does not mean the completion of the equity transfer, when the change of ownership and the results of the transfer of equity issues; The fourth part, in the process of discussion, also interspersed with the discussion of a problem: in the process of transfer of defective shares, Should the transferee, who becomes the new shareholder, bear the civil liability due to the defective capital contribution of the original shareholder together with the defective shareholder? If so, is it a form of joint and several liability? In a word, the author thinks that by discussing the transfer of limited liability company's stock right and defective stock right, we can clarify the process of limited liability company's defective share right transfer and a series of legal problems in the process of transfer. It can provide beneficial help to the practice of company law, and has certain theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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