公司越权对外担保的合同效力研究

发布时间：2019-03-19 07:47

【摘要】：公司作为市场经济中最为活跃的主体,对整个市场经济的发展有着重要的意义。公司以其特定的财产或者信用为他人的债务提供担保有利于公司的发展,然而当公司超越权限对外提供担保时合同效力又应如何?2005年《公司法》的出台已经改变了1993年《公司法》的规定,承认了公司对外的担保能力与担保效力,加大了公司在担保方面的自治性,扩大了担保的范围,完善了相关的程序,提高了担保条文在整个公司法中的地位,较之前有了较大的进步。但是,由于法条过于笼统,关于公司越权对外担保的合同效力在司法实践中的判断问题,远远比2005年《公司法》的法律条文来的复杂,操作中还是显得不够完备,仍有许多有待探讨、明确的问题。鉴于公司越权对外担保在目前公司法实践中的重要应用和可能引发的问题,笔者欲对公司越权对外担保的合同效力进行类型化研究,采用理论与案例相结合的方法、比较法的方法以及历史分析方法进行阐述。笔者主要对以下几个方面进行探讨：第一,公司超出公司章程规定的经营范围对外担保的合同效力。从我国对公司越权对外担保行为的效力认定,外国和我国台湾地区对公司越权对外担保的规定,及外国和我国台湾地区对公司越权对外担保的规定对我国的启示这三个点上进行探讨,进而认为从整体上,我们应该承认公司超出公司章程规定的经营范围对外担保的合同效力。第二,非章程规定的机关对外担保的合同效力。对其涉及到的公司章程的对世效力,第三人的审查义务,区分内部决议行为和对外担保合同,这三个方面分别进行研究。笔者认为,对于公司章程的对世效力及第三人负有审查的义务均不合理,担保合同也不能一律认定无效,应区别不同情形分别认定。第三,董事、经理越权对外担保的合同效力。对公司董事、经理越权代表公司的行为可否进行追认,董事、经理越权代表公司与善意第三人的保护来进行研究,笔者认为,公司董事、经理的越权对外担保行为不应适用代理制度,越权签订的对外担保合同有效,应加强对善意第三人的保护。第四,章程记载缺位时对外担保的合同效力。从公司章程记载缺位时,公司可以对外提供担保；章程记载缺位时担保决议权的归属；营利性原则对董事会的制约这几个方面进行探讨。此前提下对于合同的效力,也应区别不同情形分别认定。本文通过对公司越权对外担保的合同效力问题进行研究,更好的处理和解决实践中的相关问题,具有理论与司法实践意义,进而实现公司、公司股东与交易人之间的利益均衡,更好地维护交易的安全与稳定,促使我国公司对外担保制度在实践中得到进一步完善。
[Abstract]:As the most active subject in the market economy, the company is of great significance to the development of the whole market economy. The development of the company is conducive to the development of the company by providing guarantees for the debts of others with its particular property or credit, However, what should be the effectiveness of the contract when the company exceeds its competence to provide guarantees to the outside world? the introduction of the Company Law in 2005 has changed the provisions of the Company Law of 1993 and recognized the ability and effectiveness of the company's guarantee to the outside world. It increases the autonomy of the company in the aspect of guarantee, expands the scope of the guarantee, improves the related procedures, and improves the status of the guarantee provisions in the whole company law, and has made great progress compared with the previous ones. However, because the legal articles are too general, the judgment of the contract effect of the company's ultra vires guarantee in judicial practice is far more complicated than the legal provisions of the Company Law of 2005, and the operation is still not complete enough. There are still many unambiguous issues to be explored. In view of the important application and possible problems of company ultra vires guarantee in the practice of company law at present, the author wants to type the contract effect of company ultra vires guarantee, and adopts the method of combining theory with case. The method of comparative method and the method of historical analysis are expounded. The author mainly discusses the following aspects: first, the contract validity of the company beyond the business scope stipulated in the articles of association. From the recognition of the validity of our country's act of ultra vires guarantee to companies, and the provisions of foreign countries and Taiwan region on the company's ultra vires guarantee, And the enlightenments of the provisions of foreign countries and Taiwan region on the company's ultra vires guarantee to our country, and then think that from the whole point of view, We should acknowledge the validity of the contract guaranteed by the company beyond the scope of business stipulated in the articles of association. Second, the non-articles of association of the agency to guarantee the effectiveness of the contract. This paper studies the validity of the articles of association, the duty to examine the third party, the distinction between the internal resolution behavior and the external guarantee contract. The author believes that the validity of the articles of association and the obligation of the third party to be examined are unreasonable, and the guarantee contract cannot always be found to be null and void, so it should be determined separately under different circumstances. Thirdly, the contract validity of the director and manager's ultra vires guarantee. To the company director, the manager ultra vires representative company's behavior can carry on the appraisal, the director, the manager ultra visibly represents the company and the bona fide third party protection to carry on the research, the author thinks, the company director, the author thinks, the company director, The manager's ultra vires guarantee behavior should not apply the agency system, the contract signed by the ultra vires should be valid, and the protection of the third party in good faith should be strengthened. Fourth, the articles of association to record the absence of the contract effectiveness of external guarantees. When the articles of association are absent, the company may provide guarantees to the outside world; the ownership of the guarantee decision right in the absence of the articles of association records; and the profit-making principle discusses the restriction of the board of directors. Under this premise, the validity of the contract, should also distinguish between different circumstances to determine. Through the study of the contract effectiveness of the company's ultra vires guarantee, it is of theoretical and judicial significance to better deal with and solve the related problems in practice, thus realizing the balance of interests among the company, the shareholders of the company and the trader. Better maintenance of the security and stability of the transaction, promote our company's foreign security system in practice has been further improved.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.291.91;D923.6

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