商业判断准则新探

发布时间：2019-04-11 08:49

【摘要】： 商业判断准则是美国法院在司法实践中逐渐形成的,法官在审理关于董事违反注意义务和勤勉义务案件时所采取豁免董事责任的准则。根据商业判断准则,当董事在经营决策过程中本着善意、在合理知悉的情况下,与该决策没有关联,为公司最佳利益做出时,该经营决策就被定为适当的经营决策,董事就可以获得商业判断准则的保护。商业判断准则正视了商业活动中的正常风险,有效解决了董事职权内经营决策的责任承担问题。本文旨在通过研究两大法系,一是普通法系,以美国、英国、澳大利亚为代表的判例法国家是如何运用商业判断准则,二是大陆法系,以日本、德国、韩国为代表的国家对于商业判断准则持何种态度。在比较分析中,根据各国的法律环境、公司特性、把商业判断准则分为低、中、高三个等级,英国是低级别的引用模式、美国是中级、澳大利亚是高级模式。本文通过引入我国的典型案例来说明商业判断准则可能遇到的挑战,以及完善我国立法体系、司法实践、以及鼓励公平竞争这几个方面来论述我国法院在司法审判实践中运用商业判断准则的必要性。我国应该采取成文法形式,以最高法院司法解释作为补充的方式引入商业判断准则。通过借鉴吸收其他国家采用商业判断准则的情况,修改《公司法》,明确商业判断准则四个必要要件,力求挖掘适用该准则最佳方式,从确立程序性审查原则、明确举证责任的一方等角度来探讨移植商业判断准则的问题。
[Abstract]:The criterion of business judgment is gradually formed in the judicial practice of American courts. The judge has adopted the criterion of waiving directors' liability in the case of director's breach of duty of care and duty of diligence. According to the criteria of business judgment, when a director makes a business decision in good faith and with reasonable knowledge, it is not related to the decision and is made for the best interests of the company, the business decision is defined as an appropriate business decision. Directors can be protected by the criteria of business judgment. The commercial judgment criterion faces up to the normal risks in the business activities and effectively solves the problem of the directors' responsibility for business decision-making within their functions and powers. This article aims to study two major legal systems, one is the common law system, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia as the representative of the case law countries are how to use the commercial judgment criteria, the second is the continental law system, Japan, Germany, South Korea as the representative of the country on the business judgment standards of attitude. In the comparative analysis, according to the legal environment and corporate characteristics of each country, the business judgment criterion is divided into three levels: low, middle and high. The United Kingdom is a low-level model, the United States is an intermediate model, and Australia is a high-level model. This article introduces the typical cases of our country to explain the challenges that the commercial judgment criterion may encounter, as well as to perfect the legislative system and judicial practice of our country. And to encourage fair competition to discuss the necessity of using the commercial judgment criterion in the judicial practice of our country. Our country should take the form of statute law and introduce the commercial judgment criterion in the form of the Supreme Court's judicial interpretation. By drawing lessons from the adoption of commercial judgment criteria by other countries, amending the Company Law and clarifying the four essential elements of the commercial judgment criteria, we strive to explore the best way to apply the standards and establish the principle of procedural review, This paper discusses the issue of transplant business judgment criterion from the point of view of clarifying the burden of proof.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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