空间碎片损害责任制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 15:07

本文选题：空间碎片　切入点：损害赔偿责任　出处：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：空间碎片是伴随着人类开发、利用外空活动而产生的,其数量亦随着空间活动的日益增加呈现迅猛发展的趋势。这些数以万计的空间碎片不仅严重污染了地球轨道环境,危及航天器以及宇航员的安全,还会对地球表面的人类和财产构成威胁。目前,国际社会高度重视对空间碎片问题的研究,分别在科技手段支持和法律条文规制两个方面开展了对空间碎片问题的解决工作。对于空间碎片问题的解决,国际上没有制定专门的条约,五大外空条约是解决其问题的主要法律依据。但是,随着科学技术的提高和外空活动的发展,不难看出现有制度规定还存在着极大的不足,需要进一步的对空间碎片损害问题进行研究与探讨。本文共分为四个部分：本文第一部分主要概述空间碎片的定义以及空间碎片损害责任制度的概念,阐述了空间碎片造成的损害主要体现在两方面：一是空间碎片与空间物体、飞行器和地球表面发生碰撞产生的损害；二是空间碎片污染太空环境,地球环境的损害责任。本文第二部分分析评价了现有空间碎片损害责任制度。首先,深入分析了五大公约关于空间碎片问题的相关法律条规,然后介绍了包括美国,俄罗斯,法国在内的主要空间大国的相关立法,最后归纳总结出现有现有空间碎片损害责任制度规定存在的不足与缺陷。本文第三部分主要详述了对解决空间碎片损害责任问题的建议,提出从以下途径完善：对于来源不明、无法确定所属国的空间碎片造成损害的救济问题,采用市场份额赔偿责任机制来解决；对于空间碎片造成空间环境损害的责任问题,可以通过订立专门性的保护外空环境的国际条约来解决。本文第四部分从中国空间碎片问题现状出发,分析了中国关于空间碎片损害责任的法律和政策,提出了完善中国空间碎片损害责任制度的建议,中国应该加强国内的空间立法活动,订立外层空间法,进而完善空间法律体系。
[Abstract]:Space debris is produced along with the development of human beings and the utilization of outer space activities, and its quantity is developing rapidly with the increasing number of space activities. These tens of thousands of space debris not only pollute the Earth's orbital environment seriously, Endangering the safety of spacecraft and astronauts, as well as posing a threat to human beings and property on the Earth's surface... at present, the international community attaches great importance to the study of the problem of space debris, The solutions to the problem of space debris are carried out in the aspects of scientific and technological support and legal regulation. There is no specific international treaty for the solution of the problem of space debris. The five major outer space treaties are the main legal basis for solving their problems. However, with the improvement of science and technology and the development of outer space activities, It is not difficult to see that there are still great deficiencies in the existing regulations, which require further research and discussion on the problem of space debris damage. This paper is divided into four parts:. In the first part of this paper, the definition of space debris and the concept of liability regime for damage caused by space debris are summarized. The damage caused by space debris is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, space debris and space objects. Second, space debris pollutes the space environment and the earth environment damage liability. The second part of this paper analyzes and evaluates the existing liability regime for space debris damage. Firstly, it analyzes the relevant laws and regulations of the five conventions on space debris, and then introduces the United States and Russia. The relevant legislation of major space powers in France is summarized and the shortcomings and defects of the existing space debris damage liability system are summarized. In the third part of this paper, the suggestions for solving the problem of liability for damage caused by space debris are described in detail, and the following approaches are proposed to improve the remedy problem of damage caused by space debris in the country of which the source is unknown. The issue of liability for space environment damage caused by space debris could be addressed through the conclusion of specialized international treaties for the protection of the outer space environment. Based on the status quo of space debris problem in China, this paper analyzes China's laws and policies on the liability for space debris damage in 4th, and puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the liability system of space debris damage in China. China should strengthen domestic space legislation, enact outer space law and perfect space law system.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D999.1

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