中国船舶油污损害赔偿制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 01:18

本文选题：船舶　切入点：油污损害　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着全球经济的发展，，各国对油类产品的需求激增，海上石油运输量也随之急剧上升，同时由于各类船舶在海上交通运输中通常使用燃油作为动力能量来源，导致大量油类产品因操作性或事故性的原因流入海洋。改革开放以来，中国逐步发展为石油进口大国和航运大国，在石油化工及其相关产业快速发展的同时，船舶油污事故对我国海洋环境的威胁也越来越大。近年来，“塔斯曼海”案、“阿提哥”案等重大近海船舶油污事故频发，也考验着我国应对相关事故处理能力和索赔机制。不得不承认与我国石油大国地位形成鲜明对比的是，我国不仅在油污事故处理技术上远远落后于发达国家的清污水平，而且在制度上缺乏一套有效、完备的海洋船舶油污损害赔偿法律体系，相关规定过于模糊、分散，缺乏对案件处理的实际指导意义，这样就使得法律适用混乱、赔偿范围不清的情况时有发生。此外，由于船舶保险不到位以及没有建立船舶油污赔偿基金，使得缺乏资金保障亦成为阻碍我国船舶油污赔偿体系建立的一个巨大障碍。本文通过研究目前船舶油污损害赔偿中的三个争议较大的问题，即海事审判中对国际公约与国内法等赔偿依据的选择问题、天然渔业资源中长期损失和纯经济损失的赔偿标准和赔偿范围问题以及船舶油污损害赔偿基金的建立与管理问题，论述了国内油污损害赔偿制度建立的必要性，分析了我国目前由国际公约、《海洋环境法》、《海商法》、《船舶防污条例》以及司法解释组成的油污损害赔偿体制存在的问题与不足，比较了国际上现有的三种船舶油污损害赔偿模式，探讨了国际通行的油污赔偿制度与我国国情的衔接问题，并针对正在起草的船舶油污基金管理办法提出了若干供学界、立法和司法机关参考的意见建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of the global economy, the demand for oil products in various countries has increased sharply, and the amount of oil transported by sea has also increased sharply. At the same time, oil is usually used as a source of power energy by all kinds of ships in maritime transportation. Since the reform and opening up, China has gradually developed into a big oil importing country and a shipping country, while the petrochemical industry and its related industries are developing rapidly. In recent years, the "Tasman Sea" case, "Attico" case and other major offshore ship oil pollution accidents occur frequently, which also test our ability to deal with related accidents and claim mechanism. We have to admit that in sharp contrast to our country's status as a major oil country, our country not only lags far behind the level of decontamination of developed countries in the treatment of oil pollution accidents, but also lacks a set of effective systems. The complete legal system for compensation for oil pollution damage caused by marine vessels is too vague and scattered and lacks practical guidance to the handling of cases. This makes the application of the law chaotic and the scope of compensation often unclear. In addition, Because the ship insurance is not in place and the ship oil pollution compensation fund has not been set up, the lack of fund guarantee has become a great obstacle to the establishment of the ship oil pollution compensation system in our country. This paper studies three controversial issues in the compensation for oil pollution damage from ships, that is, the choice of compensation bases such as international conventions and domestic laws in maritime trials. The compensation standard and compensation scope of long-term and pure economic losses of natural fishery resources and the establishment and management of compensation fund for oil pollution damage from ships are discussed. The necessity of establishing domestic compensation system for oil pollution damage is discussed. This paper analyzes the problems and shortcomings of the oil pollution compensation system, which is composed of international conventions, Marine Environmental Law, Maritime Law, ship pollution Prevention regulations and judicial interpretation. This paper compares three kinds of models of compensation for oil pollution damage of ships in the world, probes into the connection between the internationally prevailing oil pollution compensation system and the national conditions of China, and puts forward some suggestions for academic circles in the light of the management methods of the ship oil pollution fund being drafted. Suggestions for reference by legislative and judicial organs.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.19

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