论气候难民的国际法保护

发布时间：2018-03-31 01:37

本文选题：气候难民　切入点：环境难民　出处：《海南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：气候难民是一种主要由气候异常变化所导致、客观上被迫进行迁移并必须跨越国界求生存的新型难民,随着全球气候变暖问题的逐渐加剧,许多岛国上的居民正面临着无家可归,最终沦为气候难民的困境。由于气候难民与环境难民、气候移民等新型难民在特征上既存在重合但又有区别,所以国际社会至今尚没有对气候难民的定义和保护进行统一立法。目前,气候难民在国际保护上主要存在概念不清、责任不明、本质割裂等几大困境,但通过深刻的分析论证,气候难民的国际法保护是有着坚实的法律基础和实践基础,单独立法将无疑成为对其保护的必由之路。本文以国际法学理论为基础,综合运用了比较分析、价值分析、实证分析、历史分析等方法,从以下四个部分展开论述：第一部分,首先对气候难民的法律定义及其特征进行了界定,然后对环境难民、气候移民、气候灾民等其他相近概念进行了比较分析；第二部分,首先从概念上的争议、实践上的争议、责任认定上的争议三个方面总结了目前气候难民国际立法保护争议的焦点,然后针对前述争议进行了分析；第三部分,从《联合国宪章》、国际人权法、国际环境法、国家责任法和其他区域性立法或宣言之中提出了目前气候难民的国际保护现状,并对气候难民进行国际立法保护的特殊意义进行了分析列举；第四部分,首先提出了气候难民在进行国际立法保护时所应该遵循的基本精神,然后在此基础之上,就立法中气候难民的定义、保护原则、难民的权利义务、难民母国的义务、难民的接收与安置、程序机制和其他相关问题等七个方面提出了气候难民国际立法保护的对策。
[Abstract]:Climate refugees are a new type of refugees, mainly caused by abnormal climate changes, who are objectively forced to migrate and have to survive across borders, as the problem of global warming intensifies. Many islanders are facing homelessness and eventually become climate refugees. New types of refugees such as climate refugees and environmental refugees, climate migrants, both overlap and differ in their characteristics. So far, the international community has not yet unified legislation on the definition and protection of climate refugees. At present, there are several major difficulties in the international protection of climate refugees, such as unclear concepts, unclear responsibilities, separation of nature, etc., but through profound analysis and argumentation, The international law protection of climate refugees has a solid legal basis and a practical basis, and legislation alone will undoubtedly become the only way to protect climate refugees. Based on the theory of international law, this paper comprehensively applies the methods of comparative analysis, value analysis, empirical analysis and historical analysis to discuss the following four parts:. The first part first defines the legal definition and characteristics of climate refugees, and then makes a comparative analysis of other similar concepts such as environmental refugees, climate migrants, climate victims and so on. The second part summarizes the focus of the current international legislation on climate refugees protection from three aspects: conceptual controversy, practical dispute, liability dispute, and then analyzes the aforementioned controversy. Part III, from the Charter of the United Nations, international human rights law, international environmental law, law of State responsibility and other regional legislation or declarations, to present the current state of international protection of climate refugees, The special significance of international legislative protection of climate refugees is analyzed and enumerated. In the fourth part, the author first puts forward the basic spirit that climate refugees should follow when carrying out the international legislative protection, and then on this basis, on the basis of the definition, protection principle, rights and obligations of refugees in the legislation, Seven aspects, such as the obligations of the refugee home country, the acceptance and resettlement of refugees, the procedural mechanism and other related issues, are proposed to protect the climate refugees in international legislation.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D998.2

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