国际海事安全法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 20:51

  本文选题：海事安全　切入点：国际海事安全条约　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：海事安全不仅构成国家安全的重要组成部分,而且也成为全球公共安全治理的重点领域之一。近百年来,国际社会经过不懈努力和追求,构建了较为完善的国际海事安全法律规范体系,形成了以SOLAS公约、MARPOL公约、STCW公约等为“龙头”的并行的分公约体系和极地国际海事规则,各国也基于船旗国、沿岸国、港口国的管辖权制订和实施了保障本国海事安全的法律制度。但现实情况表明,减少或消除海事安全面临的风险仍是一项长期的迫切任务。频繁发生的海事安全事件或事故,固然有其国际政治、经济、文化等原因,但与国际海事安全法律制度不完善以及不严格遵守或执行国际海事安全法律制度紧密相关。故此,文章分为三大部分。第一部分在界定“海事”、“海事安全”、“国际海事安全”等概念基础上,梳理与海事安全相关的国际习惯(法)、国际条约和发达国家(联盟)国内法,探讨海事安全国际习惯(法)的现代意蕴、国际海事安全条约体系的构成内容以及发达国家(联盟)海事安全法律制度的关注重点。第二部分分析国际海事安全法律制度存在的不足,将其归结为五个方面,即创制主体“三轨并存”、法律适用存在冲突、过于倚重“高标准一低事故”技术性逻辑、专门性国际海事规则仍存不足和监管者缺少被监管机制,并提出如下完善建议：规制对象应集中在对船舶及其航行的管控能力、规制内容应着眼于“人的因素”、注重国际海事安全法律规范的彼此衔接和推进各国海事安全法律制度的统一。第三部分将研究视角回归我国,总结我国海事安全法律制度的现状与不足,分析我国海事安全面临的风险及我国对海事安全法律制度的时代诉求,提出完善我国海事安全法律制度的建议,即借鉴国际社会的相关做法、明确海事安全命规则的制定主体、合并与整合海事安全规章、完善海事安全法律制度快速修改机制和填补现行海事安全法律制度的迫切性缺口。
[Abstract]:Maritime security not only constitutes an important part of national security, but also becomes one of the key areas of global public safety governance.In the past hundred years, the international community, through unremitting efforts and pursuit, has constructed a relatively perfect legal and normative system for international maritime security.A parallel sub-convention system and polar international maritime rules, such as the SOLAS Convention and the MARPOL Convention and so on, have been formed. States are also based on flag States, coastal States, etc.The jurisdiction of the port State establishes and implements a legal regime to ensure its maritime security.But the reality shows that reducing or eliminating the risk of maritime safety is still a long-term urgent task.The frequent maritime safety incidents or accidents have their international political, economic and cultural reasons, but they are closely related to the imperfection of the international maritime safety legal system and the imperfection of observing or enforcing the international maritime safety legal system.Therefore, the article is divided into three parts.The first part, on the basis of defining the concepts of "maritime", "maritime security" and "international maritime security", sorts out the international customs (law, international treaties and the domestic law of developed countries (unions) related to maritime security).This paper discusses the modern meaning of maritime security international custom (law), the constitution of international maritime security treaty system and the focus of the developed countries (union) maritime security legal system.The second part analyzes the shortcomings of the international maritime safety legal system, and puts it down to five aspects: the creation of the main body "three tracks coexist", the conflict of legal application, and too much emphasis on the technical logic of "high standard and low accident".The specialized international maritime regulations are still insufficient and the regulators lack the regulated mechanism. The following suggestions are put forward: the object of regulation should be focused on the control ability of ships and their navigation, and the content of regulation should be focused on the "human factor".Pay attention to the connection of international maritime security laws and regulations and promote the unification of maritime security legal systems of various countries.The third part will return the research angle of view to our country, summarize our country maritime safety law system present situation and the insufficiency, analyze our country maritime safety to face the risk and our country to the maritime safety legal system time appeal.Some suggestions are put forward to perfect the maritime safety legal system of our country, that is, to draw lessons from the relevant practices of the international community, to make clear the main body of making maritime safety life rules, to merge and integrate maritime safety rules and regulations.Improve the mechanism of maritime safety law system and fill the urgent gap of current maritime safety law system.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D993.5
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本文编号：1706863