GATS框架下的自然人流动自由化问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 07:14

本文选题：自然人流动 + 自由化　；参考：《华中科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自然人流动是GATS框架的第四种服务贸易方式，乌拉圭回合贸易谈判最终确立了其国际法规则，该规则的开放性设计在最大限度上取得成员国谅解的同时，也带来了许多问题。自然人流动规则创设至今，其自由化水平仍然很低，其主要制约因素是自然人流动的制度缺陷、成员国间的贸易壁垒和成员国国内的政策障碍。随着全球一体化进程，自然人流动自由化蕴含的巨大潜在利益已为许多国家所认同，但从GATS谈判来看，其自由化进程仍举步维艰，发达国家在市场准入和国民待遇问题上普遍持保守态度，发展中国家也未能提出足以吸引发达国家妥协的谈判筹码，目前态势下，GATS框架内的谈判短期内不太可能出现乐观景象。在GATS框架之外，东盟、亚太经合组织等区域经济组织在各自框架内对自然人流动问题积极探索并达成了一些自由化成果；国际劳工组织、国际移民组织等国际组织在国际劳工标准和国际研讨会议方面对自然人流动自由化做出了重要贡献；国家间也通过更加灵活的双边协定方式对自然人流动自由化积极推进。这些探索为推动自然人流动自由化提供了一条更现实的进路。我国的自然人输出以劳务外派为主要方式，，输出人员多是低技术水平服务提供者，集中在劳动密集型产业；自然人输入则以高技术水平服务提供者为主，但整体规模较小。我国自然人流动自由化的主要制约因素为自然人流动的立法缺失、相关制度不完善和严格的贸易壁垒。推动我国自然人流动自由化的路径是：在国际层面，积极参与GATS谈判、与区域贸易组织积极合作、与其他国家积极开展双边合作；在国内法层面，完善自然人流动立法机制、优化自然人流动管理机制、消除自然人流动壁垒。这两方面的积极措施可以促进我国自然人流动自由化的深入发展。
[Abstract]:The movement of natural persons is the fourth mode of trade in services in the framework of GATS. The Uruguay Round of trade negotiations has finally established its rules of international law.Up to now, the liberalization level of the rules of movement of natural persons is still very low. The main restrictive factors are the defects of the system of the movement of natural persons, the trade barriers among member countries and the domestic policy obstacles of member countries.With the process of global integration, the huge potential benefits of the liberalization of the movement of natural persons have been recognized by many countries, but from the perspective of GATS negotiations, the liberalization process is still difficult.The developed countries generally hold a conservative attitude on the issues of market access and national treatment, and the developing countries have failed to offer sufficient bargaining chips to attract the developed countries to compromise. Under the current situation, the negotiations within the framework of GATS are unlikely to be optimistic in the short term.Outside the GATS framework, regional economic organizations such as ASEAN and APEC have actively explored and achieved some liberalization results on the issue of the movement of natural persons within their respective frameworks.International organizations such as the International Organization for Migration (IOM) have made important contributions to the liberalization of the movement of natural persons in the field of international labour standards and international conferences, and the liberalization of the movement of natural persons has been actively promoted by means of more flexible bilateral agreements between countries.These explorations provide a more realistic way to liberalize the movement of natural persons.The export of natural persons in our country is mainly in the form of labor service assignment, and the export personnel are mostly low-skilled service providers, concentrated in labor-intensive industries, while the natural person imports are mainly high-tech service providers, but the overall scale is relatively small.The main restrictive factors of the liberalization of the movement of natural persons in China are the lack of legislation on the movement of natural persons, the imperfection of relevant systems and the strict trade barriers.The ways to promote the liberalization of the movement of natural persons in China are: at the international level, actively participate in the GATS negotiations, actively cooperate with the regional trade organizations, and actively carry out bilateral cooperation with other countries; at the level of domestic law, perfect the legislative mechanism of the movement of natural persons.Optimize the management mechanism of the movement of natural persons and eliminate barriers to the movement of natural persons.These two positive measures can promote the further development of the liberalization of the movement of natural persons in China.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D998.2

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