海洋法中剩余权利与我国海洋权益维护的研究
发布时间：2018-07-15 10:48
【摘要】：《联合国海洋法公约》（UNCLOS）是全世界范围内成就最大的一部国际法典，这部国际性的综合法典于1982年12月10日在牙买加的蒙特哥湾召开的第三次联合国海洋法会议（UNCLOSⅢ）上获得与会国家的广泛认可，并最终获得通过，成为人类历史上重构国际海洋新秩序的“海洋宪法”。第三次国际海洋法会议历经9年（1973—1982），11个会期，共计15次会议，最终达成了重大的成果，一部具有规范国际海洋秩序的法律得以诞生，这部法律在1994年11月16日正式生效。《联合国海洋法公约》共计17个部分、446个法律条文、其中另附有9个单独的附件。《联合国海洋法公约》规定了领海和毗连区、用于国际航行的海峡、群岛国水域、专属经济区、公海、岛屿、闭海或半闭海、海洋过境通行自由、国际海底区域、海洋环境的保护与保全、海洋科学研究、海洋技术的发展和转让、争端解决程序等法律制度，这些制度几乎涉及海洋领域的所有相关问题，囊括了海洋法的所有核心制度，为构建21世纪新的蓝色海洋秩序提供了法律保障。 1982年《联合国海洋法公约》的制定与产生，与其复杂的国际形势和国际海洋格局变化以及发展中国家和海洋强国之间的博弈有着密切的关联。1982年《联合国海洋法公约》制定时，错综复杂的历史背景和历史条件决定了《联合国海洋法公约》是一部利益博弈不均衡的国际法典，在这部法典中有诸多的未以法律条文直接加以规定的权利和法律措辞含糊的权利，即国际海洋法学界称之为“剩余权利”（Residual Rights）或是“海洋法中的剩余权利”（Residual Rightsof UNCLOS）。正是这些剩余权利的存在，加之国际海洋权益争夺随着各国海洋科技发展和各国能源资源政策倾斜而不断愈演愈烈，某些海洋强国甚至无视国际公约的存在，无视国际海洋法的约束，不断侵犯沿海国的合法海洋权益。 海洋占地球表面积约为71%，海洋是矿物资源的聚宝盆、人类未来的粮仓，随着世界经济的发展，资源的日益消耗，未来海洋利益的争夺会显得更加激烈，尤其是海洋法中的剩余权利的争夺。作为决定国家在21世纪能源战略地位的海洋必将面临诸国纷争的场面，沿海国要合法地维护本国的合法海洋权益，某些海洋强国妄图规避《联合国海洋法公约》的法律条款，，谋求更多的利益，沿海国的国家海洋管辖权和海洋霸权主义国家的海洋战争正逐渐上演，毕竟海洋决定这些国家今后在经济、政治、文化、军事等多个领域的发展和地位。 海洋权益的维护需要全世界各个国家的共同参与，中国作为海洋大国，海洋科学研究还有待发展，本文研究的目的在于试图用历史分析的方法探究海洋法中的剩余权利所产生的历史背景；运用系统分析的方法从法理学的角度阐释海洋法中剩余权利的法律属性和权利基础，详细分析海洋法中的剩余权利在领海、专属经济区、国际海底区域等具体法律制度中的体现；运用对比分析的方法以国际化的视角看国内外海洋权益维护状况，并指出海洋法中剩余权利对海洋权益维护的影响；最终在符合《联合国海洋法公约》宗旨和原则下，提出界定剩余权利法律属性的见解，从保护剩余权利的角度谈如何维护我国的海洋权益。
[Abstract]:The United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (UNCLOS) is the world's largest international code of international law. The international comprehensive code was widely recognized by the participating states at the Third United Nations Conference on the law of the sea (UNCLOS III), held in the Jamaica Bay in December 10, 1982, and was finally adopted to become the history of human history. The Third International Conference on the law of the sea, after 9 years (1973 - 1982), 11 sessions and a total of 15 meetings, has finally reached a major achievement, and the law of the international marine order was born. The law was formally entered into force in November 16, 1994. The total of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (UN Convention on the law of the sea) The 17 part, 446 legal provisions, including 9 separate annexes. The United Nations Convention on the law of the sea provides for the territorial sea and the contiguous area, the strait for international navigation, the waters of the islands, the exclusive economic zone, the high seas, the islands, the closed sea or the semi closed sea, the freedom of the sea transit passage, the international seabed area, the protection and preservation of the marine environment, the marine environment, and the marine department. Studies, the development and transfer of marine technology, the dispute settlement process, and other legal systems, which cover almost all related issues in the field of the ocean, include all the core systems of the law of the sea, and provide legal safeguards for the construction of a new blue ocean order in twenty-first Century.
The formulation and production of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea in 1982 is closely related to the complex international situation and changes in the international ocean pattern, and the game between the developing countries and the maritime powers. The complex historical and historical conditions of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea,.1982, determine the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea. It is an international code of disequilibrium of interest game, in which there are many rights and ambiguities that are not directly stipulated by the legal provisions, that is, the international maritime law circle called "Residual Rights" (Residual) or "the remnant Yu Quanli of the law of the sea" (Residual Rightsof UNCLOS). The existence of surplus rights and the competition for international maritime rights and interests are becoming increasingly fierce with the development of marine science and technology and the policy of energy resources in various countries. Some maritime powers even ignore the existence of international conventions, ignore the constraints of international maritime law, and continue to infringe the maritime rights and interests of the coastal states.
The ocean is about 71% of the earth's surface area, and the ocean is a treasure basin of mineral resources. The future of human granary, with the development of the world economy, the increasing consumption of resources, the competition for the future marine interests will appear more intense, especially the contention of the residual rights in the ocean law. As a decision of the state's energy strategic position in the twenty-first Century, the sea will be determined. In the face of disputes in all countries, the coastal States should legally safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. Some maritime powers are trying to avoid the legal provisions of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea and seek more interests. The marine wars along the maritime jurisdiction of the sea countries and the marine hegemony of the Maritime hegemonism are gradually being staged. After all, the oceans decide these countries. The future development and position in many fields such as economy, politics, culture and military affairs.
The maintenance of marine rights and interests requires the joint participation of all countries in the world. As a big ocean country, the research of marine science remains to be developed. The purpose of this study is to explore the historical background of the residual rights in the law of the sea by means of historical analysis, and to explain the sea from the perspective of jurisprudence with the method of systematic analysis. The legal attribute and right basis of the surplus rights in the ocean law, the embodiment of the residual rights in the maritime law in the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone, the international seabed area and other specific legal systems, and the international perspective on the maintenance of marine rights and interests at home and abroad by means of comparative analysis, and the remainder rights of the ocean law to the ocean. In accordance with the purpose and principle of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea, the author puts forward the view of defining the legal attributes of the remaining rights, and discusses how to safeguard our maritime rights and interests from the perspective of the protection of the remaining rights.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5
[Abstract]:The United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (UNCLOS) is the world's largest international code of international law. The international comprehensive code was widely recognized by the participating states at the Third United Nations Conference on the law of the sea (UNCLOS III), held in the Jamaica Bay in December 10, 1982, and was finally adopted to become the history of human history. The Third International Conference on the law of the sea, after 9 years (1973 - 1982), 11 sessions and a total of 15 meetings, has finally reached a major achievement, and the law of the international marine order was born. The law was formally entered into force in November 16, 1994. The total of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (UN Convention on the law of the sea) The 17 part, 446 legal provisions, including 9 separate annexes. The United Nations Convention on the law of the sea provides for the territorial sea and the contiguous area, the strait for international navigation, the waters of the islands, the exclusive economic zone, the high seas, the islands, the closed sea or the semi closed sea, the freedom of the sea transit passage, the international seabed area, the protection and preservation of the marine environment, the marine environment, and the marine department. Studies, the development and transfer of marine technology, the dispute settlement process, and other legal systems, which cover almost all related issues in the field of the ocean, include all the core systems of the law of the sea, and provide legal safeguards for the construction of a new blue ocean order in twenty-first Century.
The formulation and production of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea in 1982 is closely related to the complex international situation and changes in the international ocean pattern, and the game between the developing countries and the maritime powers. The complex historical and historical conditions of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea,.1982, determine the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea. It is an international code of disequilibrium of interest game, in which there are many rights and ambiguities that are not directly stipulated by the legal provisions, that is, the international maritime law circle called "Residual Rights" (Residual) or "the remnant Yu Quanli of the law of the sea" (Residual Rightsof UNCLOS). The existence of surplus rights and the competition for international maritime rights and interests are becoming increasingly fierce with the development of marine science and technology and the policy of energy resources in various countries. Some maritime powers even ignore the existence of international conventions, ignore the constraints of international maritime law, and continue to infringe the maritime rights and interests of the coastal states.
The ocean is about 71% of the earth's surface area, and the ocean is a treasure basin of mineral resources. The future of human granary, with the development of the world economy, the increasing consumption of resources, the competition for the future marine interests will appear more intense, especially the contention of the residual rights in the ocean law. As a decision of the state's energy strategic position in the twenty-first Century, the sea will be determined. In the face of disputes in all countries, the coastal States should legally safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. Some maritime powers are trying to avoid the legal provisions of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea and seek more interests. The marine wars along the maritime jurisdiction of the sea countries and the marine hegemony of the Maritime hegemonism are gradually being staged. After all, the oceans decide these countries. The future development and position in many fields such as economy, politics, culture and military affairs.
The maintenance of marine rights and interests requires the joint participation of all countries in the world. As a big ocean country, the research of marine science remains to be developed. The purpose of this study is to explore the historical background of the residual rights in the law of the sea by means of historical analysis, and to explain the sea from the perspective of jurisprudence with the method of systematic analysis. The legal attribute and right basis of the surplus rights in the ocean law, the embodiment of the residual rights in the maritime law in the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone, the international seabed area and other specific legal systems, and the international perspective on the maintenance of marine rights and interests at home and abroad by means of comparative analysis, and the remainder rights of the ocean law to the ocean. In accordance with the purpose and principle of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea, the author puts forward the view of defining the legal attributes of the remaining rights, and discusses how to safeguard our maritime rights and interests from the perspective of the protection of the remaining rights.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5
【相似文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 陈伟;;合理行使紧追权 维护中国海洋权益[J];中国海商法年刊;2011年02期
2 唐佳;;大陆架界限委员会及其有关问题探讨[J];中国水运(下半月刊);2011年02期
3 伊丽莎白·曼·博吉斯;;未竟的事业[J];科技潮;1998年03期
4 尼古拉·陈;米歇尔·薛克;邹克渊;;评赵理海著《海洋法的新发展》[J];国外法学;1987年02期
5 苏陆;新海洋法生效后日本的动向[J];全球科技经济w
本文编号：2123812
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/falvlunwen/guojifa/2123812.html
