国际空难中的人身损害赔偿制度

发布时间：2018-11-12 20:17

【摘要】：一、研究目的2014年3月8日,马来西亚航空公司的一架客机从吉隆坡飞往北京,在凌晨一点多从雷达屏幕上消失,在世界各地立即引发了强烈反响。后来经过多方考察,MH370飞机在越南胡志明市管制区同管制部门失去通讯联络但没有进入中国空管情报区。这些年发生的国际空难还有很多,每一次都非常惨烈。尽管空难都会造成人员伤亡,但是发生空难的原因却都不相同,我们没有有效的办法去阻却空难的发生但是我们必须为牺牲者的亲人担忧,为整个国际航空安全考虑,因此空难的人身损害赔偿问题成为了无法避免谈及的问题。一般来说,造成空难的发生的原因和要素很多,包括飞行员失误、航空器本身问题等,所以很难尽快确定。空难发生后首先需要解决的就是受害人的人身损害赔偿问题。世界各个国家国内法制定都不同,所以国际上制定了华沙体系为了合理有序的解决空难赔偿问题。华沙体系主要是规定了承运人的责任问题和发生空难后的管辖权。后来《华沙公约》及和《蒙特利尔公约》都对华沙体系进行了修改和完善,为国际空难索偿,承运人责任明晰建立了一套统一的规则,得到了广泛认可。但是我国在民用航空方面的立法太少,并且缺乏实际操作,漏洞百出,所以需要加强立法,与国际社会接轨。二、研究方法本文将运用历史分析方法、比较研究方法、文献资料法对国际空难中承运人对旅客赔偿责任涉及的最关键的法律问题即归责原则与责任限额、承运人的赔偿范围等进行论述。1、历史分析法,通过研究历史上国际空难的赔偿限额和方式进行研究2、比较研究法,比较对地面第三人和所载乘客赔偿的不同3、文献资料法,通过查阅相关资料,对资料进行分析,综合与加工,形成更深刻的意识三、研究结果通过对比国内外空难赔偿的归责原则、限额等可以了解到我国在空难人身损害赔偿方面还有很多欠缺。第一,发生空难后我国对受害人的赔偿额度不能与国际社会接轨,虽然我国加入了《蒙特利尔公约》,但是我国确定的40万的赔偿限额远远低于欧美发达国家的空难损害赔偿标准,这并不利于我国民航业的发展。其次我国在需要在航空意外保险方面作出更多努力,它是空难发生后除承运人赔偿外最重要的部分,能够很好地保护受害者家属的利益。再次,我国应该尽快明确对地面第三人损害赔偿的项目和标准。最后,应该扩大对受害人权利救济的社会化途径。综上所述,我国只有在立法、实践等各方面多做努力,才能符合我国迅速提高的国际地位的需要。四、研究意义本文通过对国际空难论述、近几年发生的国际空难以及美国和日本的赔偿金额的对比、《蒙特利尔公约》对华沙体系的进步等对国际空难的人身损害赔偿问题的介绍,让对空难赔偿不太了解的民众能够有清晰地了解和认识。能够在以后发生的事故后为受难旅客和家属提供良好的指导,使其免于在承认亲人分离的痛苦之外还要承受繁杂错乱的程序,使受难者家属能够很好的维护自己的权益和利益。
[Abstract]:First, on March 8, 2014, a Malaysian Airlines plane flew from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing, and disappeared from the radar screen at 1: 00 a. M., causing a strong response from all over the world. After a multi-party investigation, the MH370 aircraft lost communication contact with the control unit in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, but did not enter the China Air Traffic Information Area. There are also a lot of international air accidents that have occurred in these years, each of which is very tragic. Although the air crash can cause casualties, the cause of the air crash is not the same, we have no effective way to stop the air crash, but we have to worry about the family's relatives, for the entire international aviation safety concern, The problem of personal injury in the air crash has become a problem that can't be avoided. In general, the causes and elements of the air crash are many, including the pilot's error, the aircraft's own problems, etc., so it is difficult to determine as soon as possible. The first thing to be solved after the air crash is the question of the victim's personal injury. The development of national laws in all countries of the world is different, so it has developed the Warsaw system in order to solve the problem of the compensation for the air crash in a reasonable and orderly manner. The Warsaw system mainly defines the responsibility of the carrier and the jurisdiction after the air crash. Later, the Warsaw Pact and the Montreal Convention had been modified and improved to the Warsaw system, and a uniform set of rules was established for the clear establishment of a uniform set of rules for international air crash claims. But our country's legislation on civil aviation is too small, and there is a lack of practical operation, and there is no hole in the hole, so it is necessary to strengthen the legislation and be in line with the international community. 2. The research method will use the historical analysis method, the comparative research method and the literature data law to deal with the most critical legal issues involved in the liability of the carrier in the international air crash, that is, the principle of liability and the limit of liability, the scope of the carrier's compensation, etc., and the historical analysis method, Based on the study of the limitation and the way of compensation for the international air crash in the history, the author compares the research methods, compares the three methods of compensation to the third party and the passenger on the ground, and makes an analysis, synthesis and processing of the data by consulting the relevant data, and forms a more profound consciousness. The result of the study, through the comparison of the imputation principle and the limit of the domestic and international air crash compensation, can understand that there are still a lot of shortcomings in the personal injury compensation of the air crash in China. First, in the event of an air crash, our compensation for victims cannot be in line with the international community, although our country has acceded to the Montreal Convention, China has determined that the compensation limit of 400,000 is far lower than that of the United States and the developed countries of the United States. This is not conducive to the development of the civil aviation industry in China. Second, our country needs to make more efforts in aviation accident insurance, which is the most important part of the carrier's compensation after the air crash, which can protect the family of the victims well. Once again, our country should clearly define the project and standards for damages to the third party on the ground as soon as possible. Finally, the socialization of the victim's right relief should be expanded. To sum up, our country can only make efforts in the aspects of legislation, practice and so on, in order to meet the needs of the rapid international position of our country. IV. The significance of the study is the introduction of the international air crash, the international air crash in recent years and the amount of compensation in the United States and Japan, the Montreal Convention, the progress of the Warsaw system, etc., and the introduction of the question of personal injury to the international air crash, The people who are not well aware of the air crash can have a clear understanding and understanding. It is possible to provide good guidance to the affected passengers and the family after the accident that has occurred later, so as to protect the families of the victims from the complicated and complicated procedures other than the suffering of the separation of the loved ones, so that the families of the victims can well maintain their rights and interests.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D997.3

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