经行政审批生效合同报批义务研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 18:25

本文关键词： 未生效行政审批合同报批义务缔约过失责任　出处：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经行政审批生效合同是计划经济体制所遗留的产物,其目的是出于保护国家公共利益,是出于国家行政机关对某些特殊领域交易的管理需求而设定的。在《中华人民共和国合同法若干问题的解释(一)》中明确规定了经行政审批生效合同的效力是未生效的,然而在我国的合同效力体系中从未出现过未生效合同。而这就对经行政审批生效合同应当如何救济、如何认定法律后果产生的疑难。而此疑难的核心问题就是如何对报批义务性质进行定位,解决了报批义务性质定位问题,经行政审批生效合同其他问题也会迎刃而解。但是,报批义务性质定位问题在学界存在较大争议,甚至有学者不断变化着自己的观点。因此,本文对报批义务性质定位问题进行探讨,全文分为三个部分:第一部分是我国经行政审批生效合同的相关法律、行政法规及实际问题困境的探究。由于我国的法律、司法解释未能清晰的定义经行政审批生效合同的报批义务,导致司法解释在处理违反报批义务时应承担的法律责任上出现了相互矛盾的规定,因矛盾的规定产生了不同问题,主要表现在报批义务是否存在普遍的独立性。而因独立性的存在导致违反报批义务之时,应以何种义务来归责存在了不同的理解。而难以趋同的理解又引致了司法裁判中守约方有钱要求违反报批义务人以何种方式承担责任无法取得统一的共识。第二部分是报批义务的比较法考察。德国法和日本法均认定须经行政审批生效合同效力状态是未生效的、均支持已经获得行政批准的合同可适用行政审批撤销权。但日本学者却不认为行政机关自身具有行政审批撤销权,只认定法院具有行政审批撤销权,此处不同于德国方面上认同两种主体都具有行使行政审批撤销权的职能。在德国法上,因违反报批义务的缔约过失责任具有独特性,因此该责任可容纳请求赔偿履行利益。我国经行政审批生效合同可适当借鉴行政审批撤销权的相关规定与责任救济方式。第三部分是经行政审批生效合同报批义务的法律救济。报批义务是先合同义务,违反之时应承担缔约过失责任。同时因报批义务具有普遍的独立性,守约方除了可要求报批义务人继续履行外,在一定情况下还可以将赔偿范围扩大至赔偿履行利益。
[Abstract]:The effective contract through administrative examination and approval is a product left over from the planned economic system, and its purpose is to protect the public interest of the state. It is set out out of the administrative requirements of the state administrative organs for the management of transactions in certain special fields. In the interpretation of certain issues in the contract Law of the people's Republic of China (1), it is clearly stipulated that the validity of the effective contract after administrative examination and approval is not effective. However, in our country's contract validity system, there has never been a non-effective contract. The core problem of this problem is how to locate the nature of the obligation to submit for approval, solve the problem of the nature of the obligation to submit approval, and solve the other problems of the effective contract through administrative examination and approval. However, The orientation of the nature of the obligation to submit an approval is controversial in academic circles, and even some scholars are constantly changing their own views. Therefore, this paper discusses the nature of the nature of the obligation to apply for approval. The full text is divided into three parts: the first part is the related laws, administrative regulations and practical problems of the effective contract through administrative examination and approval. The failure of judicial interpretation to define clearly the obligation to submit for approval under the effective contract of administrative examination and approval leads to contradictory provisions on the legal liability that judicial interpretation should bear when dealing with violations of the obligation to submit approval, resulting in different problems as a result of the contradictory provisions. The main manifestation is whether there is universal independence in the obligation to submit for approval, and when the obligation of reporting for approval is violated because of the existence of independence, There is a different understanding of the obligation to impute liability. The difficult understanding leads to the consensus of the parties in the administration of justice who have the money to demand the breach of the approval obligor to assume responsibility in the same way. Second, there is no consensus on how to assume the responsibility of the defaulting obligor. Part of this is a comparative study of the obligation to submit for approval. Both German and Japanese laws have determined that the effective state of a contract subject to administrative examination and approval is not effective. The Japanese scholars, however, do not think that the administrative organs themselves have the right to revoke the administrative examination and approval, but only that the court has the right to revoke the administrative examination and approval. Different from the German side, it is recognized that both subjects have the function of exercising the right of administrative approval and revocation. In German law, the liability for contracting negligence for breach of the obligation of reporting for approval is unique. Therefore, the liability can accommodate the interests of compensation and performance. The effective contract of administrative examination and approval in our country can draw on the relevant provisions of the right of revocation of administrative examination and approval and the relief method of liability. The third part is the reporting and approval of the effective contract after administrative examination and approval. The obligation to submit for approval is a prior contractual obligation, At the same time, due to the universal independence of the obligation to submit approval, the compliance party may not only require the obligor to continue to perform, but also extend the scope of compensation to the interest of compensation performance under certain circumstances.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

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