论专利侵权的认定与救济

发布时间：2018-04-26 14:43

本文选题：专利 + 侵权认定　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化程度不断加深，各国经贸交往日益密切，科学技术对生产力发展的作用日益凸显，各国鼓励发明创造并为保护专利权人智力性劳动成果而专门制定一系列规则，赋予其有限垄断使用的权利。以美国为代表的发达国家不仅专利的数量领先于发展中国家，在法律保护上更设定了较成熟的专利保护规则体系。美国已成为中国最大的贸易伙伴，双方的贸易摩擦屡见不鲜，而专利技术领域更是首当其冲。然而中国企业一旦成为涉外知识产权诉讼的被告，往往因为不了解外国知识产权的法律规定或惧怕诉讼成本太高而不敢应诉，任由外国法院做出缺席判决而不出庭应诉。古人云：“知己知彼，百战不殆”，逃避不能解决任何问题，更不利于企业的长久发展，所以我们有必要认真研习外国知识产权制度、总结应诉技巧、制定应诉方案，这才是解决问题的正确态度。本文以美国的专利保护规则为切入点，使用了实证分析的方法，逻辑论证法、比较分析法。由个案分析着手，得出法院对美国专利法律制度运用的规则及技巧，对以后涉外专利案件的解决有着积极的作用。另外，本文用了多学科交叉分析方法，法理学的知识提供了逻辑上的依据，侵权法的理论为损害赔偿奠定了坚实的基础，合同法为专利授权契约提供了制度支撑。本文首先介绍Enzo案的案情及法院判决的详细分析，得出美国专利保护的实体及程序规则，例如举证责任的问题、专利侵权认定的步骤及标准；接下来本文分别站在原告和被告的立场上，提出不同的应诉策略准备，例如专利权人是否标注专利号是专利权人日后能否获得损害赔偿的关键，被告可以通过提出反诉争取在诉讼中争取更多的有利筹码；本文接下来分析了专利侵权救济方式，损害赔偿与停止侵害、排除妨害的救济方法适用条件是不同的；本文之后着重论述了侵权损害赔偿的计算依据，我国现行法律关于侵权所造成的损失的确定、计算方法、证明程度没有可操作性的规定，应当将“谁主张，谁举证”充实到双方主张中，由法院作为中立的第三方，按照权利人能够证明的内容为依据进行裁判，如权利人的损失、侵权人的得利、按既存许可费用、专利研发成本为标准进行计算，既要充分填补权利人的损失也要避免侵权成本低廉而诱发的重复侵权的出现；最后提出对专利侵权救济方式的完善建议，，不但在赔偿数额上做到公正合理，起到惩戒作用，还要确定以权利人的研发成本为最低补偿标准的原则；要对涉嫌侵权产品进行价值分析，将核心技术与专利技术进行对比，请同行业专家评估侵权技术在产品中所占的价值比重，并根据该比重确定损害赔偿数额，既让原告拿到属于他技术的份额，也不会让被告损失其劳动成果产生的价值；另外，不能忽视的问题是跨国知识产权诉讼的成本高昂，以中小企业的实力难以承担如此大的开销，就需要行业组织来帮助企业渡过难关，这对企业的发展有积极的推动作用。专利权侵害的救济和保护是激励发明创造人继续发明新技术和发明的研究的需要，但是一切权利不加约束都有滥用的危险。随着贸易往来的日益密切，专利诉讼的数量呈上升趋势，就需要我们做好准备，沉着应对，能够运用他国的法律规则维护自身的合法权益，通过总结程序规则及实体规则的应用战略战术，来最大限度的争取在诉讼中的主动，争取在未来的和解程序中增加谈判筹码，避免出现因为不了解他国法律而不敢应诉的情形发生。建立海外诉讼行业协会来解决中小企业跨国诉讼的困难，避免出现因为诉讼成本高而不敢出庭应诉的情形。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of economic globalization, the economic and trade exchanges between countries are increasingly close, and the role of science and technology in the development of productive forces is becoming increasingly prominent. Countries encourage inventions and create a series of rules to protect the intellectual labor results of the patenenters and give them the right to use limited monopolies. The developed countries represented by the United States are not only The number of patents is leading to the developing countries, and a more mature system of patent protection is set up in legal protection. The United States has become China's largest trading partner. The trade friction between the two sides is common and the patent technology is the first to bear the brunt. In order not to understand the legal provisions of foreign intellectual property rights or to fear that the cost of litigation is too high and dare not to respond to the lawsuit, the foreign court will make an absence of judgment but not appear in court. The ancients cloud: "knowing oneself and the enemy, the war is not dangerous", the escape cannot solve any problems, and is not conducive to the long-term development of the enterprise, so it is necessary for us to study foreign knowledge seriously. It is the correct attitude to solve the problem of property right system, summarizing the skills of responding to complaints and formulating a response plan.
Taking the rules of patent protection in the United States as the breakthrough point, this paper uses the methods of empirical analysis, logical demonstration and comparative analysis. From the case analysis, the rules and techniques of the application of the court to the patent legal system of the United States have been obtained. The law of law provides a logical basis for the knowledge of jurisprudence. The theory of tort law lays a solid foundation for compensation for damages, and the contract law provides institutional support for the patent contract.
This article first introduces the case of the Enzo case and the detailed analysis of the court's judgment, and draws the substantive and procedural rules of the patent protection of the United States, such as the issue of the burden of proof, the steps and standards for the identification of the patent infringement, and then, on the standpoint of the plaintiff and the defendant, this article puts forward the different preparations for the response, such as whether the patented person is subject to the standard. The patent number is the key to the patenholder in the future, and the defendant can strive for more favorable bargaining in the lawsuit by putting forward the counterclaim; this article analyzes the remedy of patent infringement, the damage compensation and the stop infringement, and the applicable conditions for the remedy of the nuisance are different. After this, the article focuses on the discussion. The calculation basis of the compensation for tort damages, the determination of the loss caused by the tort caused by the current law of China, the method of calculation and the Unoperable proof of the degree of proof, should be enriched to the two sides by "who advocates, who give evidence" to the third parties of the court, which are based on the content of the rights that the holder can prove. The judgment, such as the loss of the right holder, the benefit of the tortfeasor, the cost of the existing license and the cost of the patent R & D are calculated as the standard, which should not only fully fill the loss of the right holder but also avoid the occurrence of repeated infringement caused by the low cost of infringement; finally, it puts forward a perfect proposal for the remedy formula of the patent infringement, not only in the amount of compensation to the public. It is reasonable to play a disciplinary role, and also to determine the principle of the minimum compensation standard for the right person's R & D cost. To analyze the value of the suspected infringed products and compare the core technology with the patent technology, the industry experts should be asked to assess the proportion of the value of the tort technology in the product and determine the amount of damages according to the proportion. Not only let the plaintiff get the share of his technology, but also it will not let the defendant lose the value of its labor results. In addition, the problem that can't be ignored is the high cost of the transnational intellectual property litigation. It is difficult for the small and medium enterprises to bear such a big expense. It is necessary for the industry group to help the enterprise through the difficulties, which is the development of the enterprise. It has a positive role to promote.
The relief and protection of infringement of patent rights is the need to encourage inventions and inventions to continue to invent new technologies and inventions. However, all rights without restraint have the danger of abuse. With the increasing close of trade, the number of patent litigation is on the rise, which requires us to prepare, deal with and apply the law of other countries. Rules to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, through the summary of the procedural rules and the application of the substantive rules and tactics, to maximize the initiative in the litigation, strive to increase the bargaining chips in the future reconciliation process, avoid the occurrence of not knowing the law of other countries and dare not to respond to the case. Establish an overseas litigation Industry Association to solve the problem. In order to solve the difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises in transnational litigation, we should avoid appearing in court because of the high cost of litigation.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.42

【参考文献】