论旅店经营者的权利义务和责任承担

发布时间：2018-06-05 18:32

本文选题：旅店经营者 + 旅店住宿合同　；参考：《清华大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：旅客与旅店经营者通过不要式的方式订立旅店住宿合同,旅店为获取安全的住宿环境,旅店经营者则通过提供住宿服务获取利益。由于在《合同法》中没有明确规定,现实生活中旅店住宿合同,主要包括住宿、保管和服务三方面内容,属于无名合同中的类型结合型混合合同。在合同履行过程中,应当适用合同法总则的有关规定,并可参照合同法分则中租赁合同和保管合同的相关规定,以及《侵权责任法》、《消费者权益保护法》、《旅馆业治安管理办法》等法律规范的规定。这也是旅客和旅店经营者在解决法律纠纷,承担责任时的前提依据。旅店住宿合同订立以后,双方应该按照《合同法》的要求全面履行各自的权利义务,特别是旅店经营者在享有一系列权利的同时更要履行好自身的义务。既要履行好提供安全干净住宿环境的主给付义务,更要履行好通知、照顾、保密和安全保护的附随义务。在履行义务中,住宿是主要合同标的,但是旅店本身的安全也是合同的主给付义务;而旅店经营者额外的对旅客的人身、财产安全提供的安全保护,是通过作为的方式尽最大限度的防止旅客因自身的疏忽和第三人侵犯而带来的利益损害,这种额外的安全保障义务是基于旅店住宿合同而产生的附随义务,也是基于法律明确规定安全保障义务,具有双重属性。当旅店经营者没有全面或者适当履行自己的义务时,旅客又因此受到了人身或财产的损害,旅店经营者就应相应承担责任。这个责任如何定性事关旅店经营者切身利益,应该分情况予以明确:当旅店经营者因超额预订而不能交房或是提供的服务设施不符合约定时,其就要承担损害旅客履行利益的违约责任;当旅店经营者不适当履行而未尽到合理注意义务,特别是在第三人侵害时,此时构成了违约责任和侵权责任的竞合,旅客有权选择其一予以救济。当然,如何确定旅店经营者履行了合理注意义务,需要根据旅店经营者自身情况,保安的能力范围以及旅店的服务级别条件等来加以确定;最终至于责任赔偿范围,还要权衡旅店经营者好旅客的过错大小而合理分担。
[Abstract]:Passengers and hotel operators conclude hotel accommodation contracts in an unsolicited manner, while hotel operators obtain benefits by providing accommodation services in order to secure a safe accommodation environment. As there is no clear stipulation in contract Law, the hotel accommodation contract in real life, which mainly includes accommodation, custody and service, is a kind of combination contract in nameless contract. In the course of the performance of the contract, the relevant provisions of the general provisions of the contract law shall be applied, and reference may be made to the relevant provisions of the lease contract and the custody contract in the special provisions of the contract law, As well as the tort liability law, the consumer rights and interests protection law, the hotel industry public security administration method and so on legal norm stipulation. This is also a prerequisite for travelers and hotel operators to settle legal disputes and assume responsibility. After the conclusion of hotel accommodation contract, both parties should fulfill their respective rights and obligations in accordance with the requirements of contract Law, especially the hotel operators should fulfill their own obligations while enjoying a series of rights. We should not only fulfill the obligations of providing a safe and clean accommodation environment, but also fulfill the collateral obligations of notification, care, confidentiality and security protection. In the performance of the obligation, accommodation is the main object of the contract, but the security of the hotel itself is also the principal payment obligation of the contract; and the hotel operator provides additional security protection for the personal and property safety of the passenger, To prevent to the maximum extent possible, by act, any damage to the interests of passengers arising from their negligence and the infringement of a third party, an additional obligation of safety and security based on an accompanying obligation arising from the hotel accommodation contract, Is also based on the law clearly stipulated the obligation of security, with dual attributes. When the hotel operators do not fully or properly fulfill their obligations, the passengers are damaged by their personal or property, and the hotel operators should bear the responsibility accordingly. How to define the nature of this responsibility is of vital interest to the hotel operator, and should be made clear according to the circumstances: when the hotel operator is unable to hand in a room because of overbooking or when the service facilities provided are not in accordance with the agreement, When the hotel operator does not perform properly and fails to fulfill the reasonable duty of care, especially when the third party infringes, the liability for breach of contract and the liability for tort are competing. Passengers have the right to choose one of the remedies. Of course, how to determine whether the hotel operator has fulfilled a reasonable duty of care needs to be determined according to the hotel operator's own situation, the scope of security capabilities and the hotel's service level conditions; finally, as to the scope of liability compensation, Also weigh the hotel operator's good passenger's fault size and reasonable sharing.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.6

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