消费者合同中格式条款的规制研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 05:15

本文选题：消费合同 + 格式条款　；参考：《四川省社会科学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：格式条款的产生作为二十世纪合同法变化发展的标志性事件，对世界各国产生深远影响。如何对格式条款进行规制，已成为各国合同法的重要课题之一，也是当今合同法发展的潮流趋势。本文在探讨格式条款基本制度理念与格式条款规制正当性的前提下，遵循实证分析法与比较法研究的一般方法，对我国格式条款法律制度的现状进行深入分析，对完善我国格式条款法律规制制度提出了相应的对策与建议。希望能对格式条款法律规制制度，特别是实体规制研究不足的情况有所帮助。全文在结构上共分为四章：第一章是格式条款的概论内涵。本章首先介绍了格式条款的基本情况，明确了其概念，确定在区分消费者合同中格式条款与商业合同中格式条款的前提下，分析了消费者合同的特征与法律性质；其次，界定了格式条款的含义，并分析了消费者合同中格式条款的法律特征；再次，论述了消费者合同中格式条款的使用范围；最后探讨了消费者合同格式条款的表现形式。从基本概念出发，对格式条款内涵进行综合、具体的阐述，从而为文章进一步的分析打下良好的理论基础。第二章是格式条款的价值分析。一方面从法理价值和入手，围绕“契约自由”原则，在分析格式条款与其冲突的外在表现形式上，证明其实质上是对“契约自由”的补充和发展；另一方面从现实价值入手，通过对格式条款产生的社会分析，证实了格式条款对当今社会、经济发展的巨大作用，格式条款的存在对合同法的进步发展不仅体现在理论上，还拥有广泛的现实意义。第三章是消费者合同格式条款的实体规则，或者说适用论。该章主要由格式条款订入消费者合同、格式条款如何解释、格式条款的效力三部分组成。本章首先探讨了格式条款订入消费者合同的规则；其次详细阐述了《合同法》中体现的对格式条款进行解释的两大原则；再次，指出了格式条款的效力判定方式——除了强行法的明文规定——民法中包括的公序良俗与诚实信用原则也应当作为重要的判断依据；最后，，通过对具体的法条分析，指出在格式条款规制中还存在不少漏洞，必须加以规范。第四章是消费者合同格式条款的规制论。该章从立法、行政、司法与社会规制四个方面进行了详细论述，是文章的写作重点。首先，在研究我国消费者合同立法现状的基础上，指出我国消费者合同的立法规制漏洞的具体表现，采用硬性规范与弹性规范相结合的立法模式、制定专门的单行法是其未来发展的必然趋势：其次，分析了我国司法规制的现状，提出了具体的完善建议；再次，论述了作为目前规制效果明显的行政规制，在总结其不足的基础上，进一步提出了完善的建议；最后探讨了行业自律、新闻监督以及消费者保护组织监督三种社会规制方式，从而得出结论：加强对消费者合同格式条款的规制是一项系统的工程，综合的运用多种方式，才有可能最大限度地消除消费者合同格式条款的缺陷，发挥其内在价值，实现社会经济的稳定，达到健康、良性发展。
[Abstract]:As a symbol of the change and development of the contract law in twentieth Century, the form clause has a profound influence on all countries in the world. How to regulate the form clause has become one of the important topics of the contract law of various countries and the trend of the development of the contract law. On the premise of justification, it follows the general method of empirical analysis and comparative law, analyzes the present situation of the legal system of the formatting clauses in our country, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to improve the legal regulation system of the formatting clauses in our country. The situation helped.
The full text is divided into four chapters in structure.
The first chapter is the Conspectus of the form clause. First, this chapter introduces the basic situation of the form clause, clarifies its concept, determines the characteristics and legal nature of the consumer contract under the premise of distinguishing the format clauses in the consumer contract and the form clause in the commercial contract. Secondly, it defines the meaning of the formatted clauses, and analyzes the meaning of the form clause. The legal characteristics of the format clause in the consumer contract; again, the use range of the format clauses in the consumer contract is discussed. At the end, the form of the form clause of the consumer contract is discussed. From the basic concept, the connotation of the format clause is integrated and elaborated, and a good theoretical basis is laid for the further analysis of the article. Foundation.
The second chapter is the value analysis of the form clause. On the one hand, from the legal value and starting with the principle of "freedom of contract", in the analysis of the form clause and the external manifestation of the conflict, it is proved that it is the supplement and development of the "freedom of contract" in essence; on the other hand, starting with the practical value, the social points produced by the form clauses are made. It proves that the formatted clauses have a great effect on the social and economic development of today's society. The existence of formatted clauses is not only embodied in the theory but also in the progress and development of the contract law, but also has a wide range of practical significance.
The third chapter is the substantive rules of the terms of the consumer contract format, or the application theory. This chapter mainly consists of the format terms into the consumer contract, the interpretation of the format terms and the validity of the three parts of the format clause. The two principles of the interpretation of formatted clauses; and again, it points out the way of judging the validity of the formatted terms - in addition to the explicit provisions of the forcible law - the principle of public order and good faith and the principle of honesty and credit included in the civil law should also be regarded as an important basis for judgment; finally, through the analysis of specific laws, it is pointed out in the regulation of the form clause. In many loopholes, it must be regulated.
The fourth chapter is the regulation theory of the form clause of consumer contract. This chapter is a detailed discussion from four aspects of legislation, administration, judicature and social regulation. It is the key point of writing. First, on the basis of studying the current situation of China's consumer contract legislation, it points out the concrete performance of the legislative regulation of the consumer contract in our country and adopts the hard norm. It is an inevitable trend for the future development of the legislation mode combined with the elastic norm and the formulation of the special single line law. Secondly, it analyzes the current situation of our country's judicial regulation and puts forward the concrete suggestions for perfection. Again, it expounds the administrative regulation which is obvious as the current regulation effect, and further puts forward the perfection on the basis of the shortage. In the end, three kinds of social regulation methods are discussed, such as industry self-discipline, news supervision and consumer protection organization, and the conclusion is that it is a systematic project to strengthen the regulation of the terms of consumer contract format. We should use its intrinsic value to achieve social and economic stability and achieve healthy and healthy development.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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