劳动合同法定必备条款研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 11:24

本文选题：劳动合同 + 法定必备条款　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：劳动合同条款是劳动法的重要内容，也是劳动合同的基本组成部分。劳动合同法定必备条款是劳动合同条款的重要组成部分，其在明确劳动法律关系双方当事人权利义务、平衡双方利益及维护劳动关系的稳定方面具有不可忽视的作用。我国现行《劳动合同法》对劳动合同法定必备条款的规定较之前有一定进步，但仍有一些问题需要研究探讨。本文从劳动合同法定必备条款的概念入手，分四个部分对劳动合同法定必备条款的基础理论、设定原则、内容界定等问题进行论述。第一部分主要是劳动合同法定必备条款的学理界定。笔者首先通过历史分析的方法，从劳动合同的性质和特点入手，对劳动合同条款的内容及概念进行分析。并通过对比劳动合同条款的三种不同类型，说明劳动合同法定必备条款的重要地位。其次，对劳动合同法定必备条款的概念和特征作较为深入的探讨，归纳了劳动合同法定必备条款应具备的特征。第二部分集中论述了劳动合同法定必备条款的设定原则，包括意思自治原则、公平原则、合法原则和协调原则。意思自治原则包含了平等和自愿两层含义，它要求劳动法律关系当事人在法律地位平等的基础上，自主决定自身行为，并仅对自己真实意思所表达的行为负责。意思自治原则在内容上包括劳动自由和用工自主两个方面。意思自治原则对劳动者和用人单位的保护整体上是平衡的，必要时适当向劳动者倾斜。公平原则在劳动合同法定必备条款的设定中主要体现在以下几个方面：条款的设定应当使劳动合同双方的权利义务得到合理分配；条款的设定能够使劳动合同双方的利益处于相对均衡状态；条款的设定有助于保障劳动者的合法权益。合法原则在劳动合同法定必备条款设定的程序方面的要求是：劳动合同法定必备条款的设定应当采取一定的形式。合法原则在劳动合同法定必备条款设定的内容方面主要体现在：劳动合同法定必备条款的具体内容不仅要遵守法律、行政法规的规定，还要遵守劳动基准法和集体合同的规定，也要遵守社会公共秩序，，不违背公序良俗原则。协调原则主要包括劳动权利义务相统一和劳动权利义务相对应两个方面。第三部分是关于劳动合同法定必备条款的内容分析。世界上多数国家的劳动立法都对劳动合同法定必备条款的内容作了规定，一般都包括工作内容、劳动报酬、休息休假等。我国《劳动合同法》第十七条对劳动合同法定必备条款的内容作出了较为详细的规定。比之《劳动法》，《劳动合同法》关于法定必备条款的规定具有一定的进步性，但仍有值得探讨之处。一方面，《劳动合同法》将当事人的基本情况列为法定必备条款值得商榷。因为，劳动合同的法定必备条款不应为主体自然状况条款，而应为具有权利义务性质的内容。另一方面，《劳动合同法》将劳动合同期限规定为法定必备条款并不适当。笔者认为劳动合同法定必备条款的内容可以包括：工作内容和工作地点，工作时间和休息休假，劳动报酬，劳动保护、劳动条件和职业危害防护，社会保险。第四部分是劳动合同法定必备条款欠缺的法律效果分析。关于劳动合同欠缺法定必备条款的法律后果，劳动立法没有明确规定，对此有不同认识。笔者认为欠缺法定必备条款的劳动合同应当是不成立的劳动合同。主要原因在于：劳动合同法定必备条款是双方当事人就劳动合同基础内容达成的合意，法定必备条款完全具备的，劳动合同当然成立。欠缺法定必备条款的，说明双方当事人未就劳动合同的主要内容达成统一，这属于事实判断问题，而非法律价值判断问题。关于欠缺法定必备条款的劳动合同的处理原则，笔者认为应当主要从维护劳资关系稳定和保护劳动者的角度出发，在没有欠缺关键性内容和不违背社会公共利益及公序良俗的情况下，应当尽量认定合同成立。劳动合同欠缺法定必备条款时，只要欠缺的不是影响劳动关系确立的条款，应允许其改正和补救。关于法定必备条款欠缺的劳动合同如何处理，实践中是一个比较复杂的问题，需要区分不同情况加以讨论。
[Abstract]:The clause of the labor contract is an important part of the labor law and the basic component of the labor contract. The necessary provisions of the statutory labor contract are an important part of the terms of the labor contract. It can not be ignored in defining the rights and obligations of the parties, balancing the interests of the two parties and maintaining the stability of the relationship between labor and labor. There are some problems in the existing provisions of labor contract law in China, but there are still some problems to be studied. Starting with the concept of the necessary provisions of the statutory labor contract, this article is divided into four parts to discuss the basic theory, the setting principle and the content definition of the necessary provisions of the labor contract. Say.
The first part is mainly the academic definition of the necessary provisions of the statutory labor contract. The author first analyzes the contents and concepts of the labor contract clauses through the analysis of the nature and characteristics of the labor contract through the method of historical analysis, and illustrates the importance of the necessary provisions of the statutory labor contract by comparing the three types of labor contract clauses. Secondly, it makes a thorough discussion on the concept and characteristics of the statutory essential clauses of the labor contract, and concludes the characteristics that the statutory provisions of the labor contract should possess.
The second part concentrates on the principle of setting up the necessary provisions of the statutory labor contract, including the principle of autonomy, the principle of fairness, the principle of legality and the principle of coordination. The principle of autonomy contains the two meanings of equality and voluntariness. It requires that the parties to the legal relations of labor decide their own behavior on the basis of equality in the legal status, and only on the basis of the law. The principle of autonomy in the content includes two aspects: the freedom of labor and the autonomy of labor. The principle of autonomy of autonomy is balanced on the protection of workers and employers as a whole. The principle of fairness is mainly reflected in the setting of the necessary provisions of labor cooperation and legal requirements. In the following aspects: the setting of the terms should make the rights and obligations of both parties of the labor contract reasonably distributed; the setting of the terms can make the interests of both parties in the labor contract in a relatively balanced state; the setting of the clauses will help to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the workers. The requirement is that the establishment of the necessary provisions of the statutory labor contract should be set in a certain form. The main contents of the legal principle in the necessary provisions of the statutory labor contract are as follows: the specific contents of the necessary provisions of the statutory labor contract should not only comply with the law, the regulations of the administrative regulations, but also abide by the labor standard law and collectives. The same regulations should also abide by the public order, and do not violate the principle of public order and good customs. The principle of coordination mainly includes two aspects: the unity of labor rights and obligations and the relative labor rights and obligations.
The third part is about the content analysis of the necessary provisions of the statutory labor contract. The labor legislation in most countries stipulates the contents of the necessary provisions of the statutory labor contract, generally including the work content, labor remuneration, rest and vacation, etc. our country "Labor Contract Law >" seventeenth articles on the necessary provisions of labor contract statutory provisions are made. More detailed provisions have been made. The provisions of the labor law, the labor contract law and the necessary provisions of the law have certain progressiveness, but there are still some points to be discussed. On the one hand, the law of the labor contract shall be debatable by making the basic conditions of the parties listed as the necessary provisions of the law, because the legal necessary provisions of the labor contract should not be the main body of the law. On the other hand, "labor contract law" is not appropriate to stipulate the term of the labor contract as a statutory necessary clause. The author thinks that the contents of the necessary provisions of the statutory labor contract can include the contents and place of work, work time and rest and vacation, labor remuneration, labor protection, Protection of labor conditions and occupational hazards, social insurance.
The fourth part is the legal effect analysis of the lack of the necessary provisions of the labor contract. On the legal consequences of the lack of legal necessary provisions of the labor contract, the labor legislation is not clearly defined, and there are different understandings. The necessary provisions of the legal requisite is the agreement between the parties on the basic content of the labor contract and the necessary provisions of the statutory necessary provisions. The labor contract is of course set up. The lack of legal necessary provisions indicates that the parties have not agreed on the main contents of the labor contract, which is a matter of fact judgment, not the legal value judgment. In the principle of handling the labor contract which lacks the necessary provisions of the legal requisite, the author thinks that it should be mainly from the angle of maintaining the stability of labor relations and protecting the laborers. In the absence of the key content and the public interests and the public order and good customs, the contract should be established as far as possible. In practice, it is a complex problem in practice that it should be discussed in different situations, as long as the lack of the provisions that affect the establishment of labor relations should be allowed to be corrected and remedied.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.52

【参考文献】