合同法上格式之战的学说变迁与规范适用

发布时间：2018-08-02 12:06

【摘要】：格式之战源于商事交易实践,属于格式条款订入商事合同领域的一项特殊问题。比较法上,从20世纪盛行的"最后一枪理论",发展至目前通行的"相互击倒理论",格式之战的学说建构与规则设计臻于成熟。我国《合同法》在欠缺针对格式之战特殊规则的背景下,基于合同成立的一般规则,解决兼具合同成立与合同内容确定双重因素的特殊议题,规则适用仍停留于"最后一枪理论",滞后于现代学说发展。《合同法》第30条在立法继受联合国《国际货物销售合同公约》第19条时存在疏漏,同时《合同法》第39条、第40条在格式条款的订入控制与效力控制的区分上仍失之清晰,且与合同漏洞填补的周边规则难以协调,致使在中国合同法上格式之战面临规范适用与规范解释的双重挑战。在民法典编纂的背景下,就格式之战这一特殊议题,宜从立法论角度引入适当的制度构造或更新,引入合同订立特别规则或格式条款特别规则,辅以明确的补充性解释规则,或有助于摆脱格式之战的规范适用与解释困境。
[Abstract]:The war of format comes from the practice of commercial transaction, and it belongs to a special problem in the field of commercial contract. In comparative law, from the "last shot theory" prevailing in the 20th century, to the current "knock down theory", the theory construction and rule design of the format war have matured. Under the background of the lack of special rules for the war on format, China's contract Law solves the special issue of dual factors of both contract formation and contract content determination based on the general rules of contract formation. The application of the rules is still in the "last shot theory" and lags behind the development of modern doctrine. Article 30 of the contract Law was omitted when the legislation was followed by Article 19 of the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods, while Article 39 of the contract Law was the same as that of Article 39 of the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods. Article 40 is still not clear on the distinction between the input control and the effectiveness control, and it is difficult to coordinate with the rules around the contract loophole, which leads to the double challenge of the standard application and the standard interpretation in the war of the format in the contract law of China. In the context of the codification of the civil code, it is advisable to introduce appropriate institutional structure or renewal from the angle of legislation, special rules for contract formation or special rules for form clauses, supplemented by clear supplementary rules of interpretation, on the particular topic of the war on format. Or help to get rid of the format of the war on the application of norms and interpretation of the dilemma.
【作者单位】：中国青年政治学院法学院;
【基金】：2014年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“两岸四地合同法区域整合之困境及对策研究”(14YJC820025)的研究成果
【分类号】：D923.6

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