债权人代位诉讼制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 15:47

【摘要】：在当今市场经济大潮中，债，之所以是一种重要的民事权利，是因为它是构成市场经济的重要部分，，相对性是其重要特征之一，目的在于保护债权人与债务人自由交易和处分的权益。然而在现实经济生活中，常常出现承担债务的债务人，意在逃避自身债务的履行而放弃或消极对待其对第三人拥有的到期债权，从而致使其债权人的债权无法获得实现，经济活动的交易秩序和经济安全因此遭受到极大地挑战。如果任其滋长不加以控制，最终将会对整个社会经济生活的正常运行带来致命打击。因此，破除债的相对性原则，允许债权人以自己的名义代位债务人行使其对第三人享有之合法权利便成为解决上述问题的现实选择。债权人代位权制度的意义就在于加强对债权人权利的保护，使债权人的合法利益获得实现，从而回复经济交易秩序。我国于1999年颁布实施的《中华人民共和国合同法》中对代位权制度做出了明确规定。然而在实践中，对于《中华人民共和国合同法》第七十三条的理解以及《最高人民关于适用〈中华人民共和国合同法〉若干问题的司法解释（一）》中有关代位权规定的适用，仍存在诸多争论和模糊认识，导致审判中审理代位权诉讼案件的做法不一，不同见解所引起的法律效果大相径庭，在一定程度上影响了司法的严肃性和统一性。考察法律实践中的代位权制度有利于理解其内涵和价值，也有利于发现该制度的不足和改善之进路。本文共计约三万一千余字，在引言之外，正文分为三部分，就代位权制度从理论和实际运行两方面进行考察，主要内容如下：一、债权人代位权制度概述。代位权的内涵就是债权人以自己的名义行使属于债务人权利的实体权利。代位权最初于《法国民法典》中获得确认，而在我国的出现则可追溯到1929年国民政府制定的《民法典》中关于代位权制度设置。代位权的性质是基于债的保护请求权能而产生的实体法上之权利，并兼有管理权和形成权的性质内容。代位权的行使方式有直接向义务人主张和通过诉讼主张两种，但从我国立法来看仅认可诉讼方式。我国相关法律及司法解释还就代位权行使的要件作出四方面的规定，然而却仍然存在一定缺陷。二、代位权诉讼制度在实践中的几个问题。对于代位权制度的系统理论问题进行讨论的文章已经汗牛充栋，因此，文章仅从代位权诉讼制度的实践切入，就其在实际运行中可能出现的几个问题进行探讨。第一，代位权诉讼中诉讼标的理论与部分请求理论之间在特定情形下的冲突。首先阐明代位权诉讼的几种诉讼标的理论与部分请求理论。其次，分析产生冲突的情形与解决之可能性。第二，代位权诉讼的管辖问题。在这里，论文介绍了代位权诉讼关于地域管辖之规定并对其性质进行探讨，其后对代位权诉讼中可能存在的地域管辖协议、仲裁协议以及次债务人在我国没有住所的管辖问题进行了讨论和梳理。第三，债权人行使代位权后的利益归属和受偿分配问题。在这一部分中，主要就两种情况进行讨论，即代位权诉讼中的同一债务人有数位普通债权人的情形和代位权诉讼中的同一债务人存在有担保债权与普通债权的情况，并从法经济学角度对“入库原则”和“优先受偿原则”进行了对比分析。第四，代位权诉讼中当事人的诉讼权利之限制。在这里，文章分别从债权人和债务人的角度对代位权诉讼中当事人诉讼权利的限制进行讨论。第五，代位权诉讼中数诉问题。本部分中，作者就代位权诉讼中可能出现数诉的情况进行分类分析，并提出相应的恰当处理之意见和建议。三、关于我国代位权制度完善的思考。在本部分中，就前两部分论及和未论及的代位权制度在理论和实践中存在的问题基于制度运行之现状，从完善行使要件、扩大适用客体的范围、明确当事人权利义务等方面阐述完善制度的对策和建议。
[Abstract]:In the current market economy, the reason why debt is an important civil right is that it is an important part of the market economy. Relativity is one of its important features. The purpose is to protect the rights of free transaction and disposal of creditors and debtors. However, in real economic life, there is often a debt debtor. In evasion of the performance of its own debt, it has given up or passively treated its creditor's debt to the third party, thus causing the creditor's claim to be unrealized, and the economic activity's transaction order and economic security have been greatly challenged. If it is not controlled, it will eventually be normal for the whole social and economic life. Therefore, the principle of eliminating the relative nature of the debt, allowing the creditor to exercise its legitimate right to the third party by its own nominal subrogation is a realistic choice to solve the above problems. The meaning of the creditor's subrogation system is to strengthen the protection of the rights of the creditor and make the legitimate interests of the creditor gain. It has to be realized so as to return to the order of economic transactions.
In China, the system of subrogation in the contract law of the People's Republic of China promulgated and implemented in 1999 has made a clear provision. However, in practice, the understanding of the "People's Republic of China Contract Law > seventy-third" and the Supreme People's judicial interpretation on the application of the "People's Republic of China contract law" (I) There is still a lot of debate and vague understanding of the application of the provisions of the position right, which leads to the different practice of the trial of subrogation in the trial. The legal effects caused by different opinions vary greatly. To a certain extent, it affects the seriousness and unity of the judiciary. In addition to the introduction, the text is divided into three parts, and the main contents are as follows: the two aspects of the system of subrogation right from the theory and the actual operation.
First, the creditor's subrogation system is summarized. The connotation of subrogation is the substantive right of the creditor to exercise the right of the debtor in its own name. The right of subrogation is first confirmed in the law of the law national code, and the appearance of the subrogation in our country can be traced to the system of subrogation in the civil code, which was formulated by the national government in 1929. The nature is the right in the substantive law based on the power of the debt protection request, and has the nature content of the right of management and the right of formation. The exercise of subrogation has two kinds of claims directly to the obligor and the claim of litigation, but it only recognised the way of litigation from the legislation of our country. There are four provisions in the elements, but there are still some shortcomings.
Two, several problems in the practice of the right of subrogation in practice. The articles on the system theory of the system of subrogation have been discussed. Therefore, the article only starts from the practice of the subrogation system of the right of subrogation, and discusses some of the possible problems that may arise in the actual operation. First, the theory of the subject of the subrogation right in the action of subrogation The conflict between the theory and the partial request theory in a particular case. First, the theory and the partial request theory of the subrogation right are clarified. Secondly, the situation and the possibility of solving the conflict are analyzed. Second, the jurisdiction of the subrogation litigation. Its nature is discussed, and then the possible regional jurisdiction agreement, the arbitration agreement and the jurisdiction of the sub debtor in China, which may exist in the subrogation right, are discussed and combed. Third, the creditor's interest attribution and the compensation distribution after the subrogation rights are exercised. In this part, the discussion is mainly discussed in two cases, In the case of the right of subrogation, the same debtor has several ordinary creditors and the same debtor in the right of subrogation has the situation of the secured creditor's right and the ordinary creditor's right. And from the angle of law and economics, the "admission principle" and "the principle of preferential compensation" are compared and analyzed. Fourth, the litigant rights of the litigants in the subrogation right litigation. Here, the article discusses the limitation of the litigant rights of the litigants in the subrogation litigation from the angle of the creditor and the debtor. Fifth, the number of complaints in the subrogation litigation. In this part, the author classifies and analyzes the possible number of cases in the subrogation litigation, and puts forward the appropriate opinions and suggestions to deal with it. Suggestion.
Three, thinking about the perfection of the system of subrogation in our country. In this part, the existing problems in the theory and practice of the system of subrogation in the first two parts are based on the status of the system operation, and the countermeasures and construction of the perfect system are expounded from the aspects of perfecting the exercise elements, expanding the scope of the applicable objects, and making clear the rights and obligations of the parties. Argumentative.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6;D925

【参考文献】