合同损害赔偿中的期待利益研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 13:39

【摘要】：合同当事人的违约行为导致合同损害赔偿的产生。合同中的损害赔偿制度是我国合同法对合同违约救济最常运用到的一种有效制度。对于因合同违约而导致的损失，哪些应该赔偿，，哪些不应该赔偿，一直是理论界颇具争议的问题，尤其是合同违约导致的期待利益损失是否应当给予赔偿，在新合同法颁布以前，一直存在争议；在司法实践中，各个法院对于类似的合同纠纷处理也不尽相同。新合同法第113条的颁布，使得合同期待利益的损害赔偿救济有了法律依据，并且对于期待利益赔偿应该遵循的原则也做出了较为明确的规定。但是，由于新合同法仅在一条中对期待利益的赔偿问题作了规定，并且也较为概括，在理论界和司法实践中仍然存在很多需要具体明确、研究的问题，如期待利益的法律特征、期待利益与相关概念的区别、期待利益的构成要件、期待利益的内容、赔偿原则、计算方法等都值得进一步研讨、分析。本文便是基于这一想法，而进行的思考、写作。本文包括以下五个部分：第一部分：期待利益的概念、期待利益的法律特征以及其与其他相关概念的对比分析。期待利益这一概念来源于英美法系，其学者将其界定为“由被告的允诺而对原告所形成的期待价值”。对于这一概念，学者们基本上已经达成共识。期待利益的法律特征，理论界普遍认为有：期待性、现实性、一定的确定性、可获得性。期待利益是合同利益的重要组成部分，其有自身独特的法律特征，但在司法实践中也易与其他合同利益相混淆，如信赖利益、间接利益、可得利益等。本文着重区分了期待利益与信赖利益，并从两者的内涵与导致合同损害赔偿产生的基础等方面做了详细的辨析。第二部分：合同损害赔偿中期待利益的实定法及其法理价值。期待利益是合同利益的重要组成部分，对期待利益的保护能够在很大程度上促进一个国家和地区的合同交易安全。因此，在英国于1854年创立了著名的哈德利诉巴克森戴尔案，确立了期待利益损失赔偿范围以及赔偿原则之后，各国法律都尽相借鉴，并在各自的法律中规定了期待利益损害赔偿的相关规则。我国新合同法也在第113条中做出了对于期待利益损害赔偿的明确规定。这样的规定也在很大程度上倡导了契约公平与契约正义理念，商业交易秩序和诚实信用原则也得到了极大的维护。第三部分：期待利益损害赔偿责任的构成要件。守约方要求违约方承担期待利益损害赔偿责任时，其必须要达到严格的条件：（1）合同成立且生效；（2）存在违约行为；（3）期待利益受损期待利益必须是合理的、可预见的；（4）违约行为与损害结果之间存在因果关系. 第四部分：期待利益损害赔偿的限定原则。由于期待利益是将来才会发生的利益，因此对它的赔偿范围，必须要有严格的限制，必须遵循一定的法律原则。其中最为重要的原则之一便是可预见性规则，该规则在预见主体、时间、内容等方面都有严格的要求。另外，可避免之损失原则、损益同销原则、合理的确定性规则对期待利益的损害赔偿也做出了相应的限制。第五部分：期待利益损害赔偿的计算问题。在司法实践中，对于期待利益损害赔偿，面临最大的困难就是期待利益损失的计算问题。本文通过分析计算期待利益损害赔偿数额须遵守的三个标准以及约定法、参照估算法、推定计算法等方法，以期对期待利益损害赔偿数额的计算困难问题的解决有所助益。本文对合同损害赔偿中期待利益相关问题的分析研究，希望对我国合同法的进一步发展与完善有所推进，也期望对司法实践中困难问题的解决有所帮助。
[Abstract]:The contract party's breach of contract leads to the creation of compensation for contract damage. The system of damages in the contract is an effective system used by China's contract law to remedy the contract breach of contract, which is a controversial issue in the theoretical circle for the loss caused by contract breach, which should be compensated and which should not be compensated. Whether the loss of expected interest due to contract breach should be compensated or not, it has been controversial before the promulgation of the new contract law. In judicial practice, the various courts have different handling of similar contract disputes. The promulgation of the 113rd new contract law makes it legal basis for the compensation relief relief for the expected interests of the contract. As for the principles that should be followed in the expectation of interest compensation, however, because the new contract law only stipulates the compensation for the expected interest in the one article, and is more general, there are still a lot of problems in the theoretical and judicial practice, such as the legal characteristics of expectation of interest, It is based on this idea that this article is based on the thinking and writing of the expectation of the difference between the expectation of interest and the related concepts, the elements of expectation of interest, the content of interest, the principle of compensation, the method of calculation, etc.
This article includes the following five parts:
The first part: the concept of anticipation of interest, the legal characteristics of interest and its comparative analysis with other related concepts. The concept of expectation of interest derives from the Anglo American law system and its scholars define it as the expected value formed by the defendant's promise to the plaintiff. The scholars have basically reached a consensus on this concept. The legal characteristics of expectant interests are generally believed to be expectancy, reality, certainty and availability.
The expected interest is an important part of the contract interests. It has its own unique legal characteristics, but it is also easily confused with other contractual interests in judicial practice, such as trust interest, indirect benefit, and benefit. This article focuses on the distinction between the expected interest and the trust interest, and the basis of the two and the basis of the contract damage compensation. A detailed analysis is made on the other aspects.
The second part: the actual method of anticipation and its legal value in the contract damage compensation. The expectation interest is an important part of the contract interests, and the protection of the expected interest can greatly promote the contract transaction security of a country and the region. Therefore, in 1854, the famous Hadley v. bar DELL case was founded in Britain. After establishing the range of compensation for the loss of interest and the principle of compensation, the laws of all countries have been used for reference, and in their respective laws stipulate the relevant rules for the compensation for interest damage. The new contract law of our country has also made a definite provision for the expectation of compensation for interest damage in the 113rd article. In addition, the commercial transaction order and the principle of good faith have been greatly maintained.
The third part: the constituent elements of the expectation of the liability for damages. The abiding party requires that the party in which the breach of contract assume the liability for compensation for the benefit damage must meet the strict conditions: (1) the contract is established and effective; (2) there is a breach of contract; (3) the expected interest of the loss of interest must be reasonable and foreseeable; (4) breach of contract and (4) There is a causal relationship between the results of the damage.
The fourth part: looking forward to the limited principle of compensation for damages. Because the expected interest is the benefit that will happen in the future, the scope of compensation must be strictly limited and must follow certain legal principles. One of the most important principles is the foreseeable rule, which is in the foreseeable subject, time, content and so on. There are strict requirements. In addition, the principle of avoidable loss, the principle of profit and loss and the principle of sale, and the reasonable determinacy rules have also made the corresponding limitation to the compensation for the damage of the expected interest.
The fifth part: looking forward to the calculation of compensation for damages. In the judicial practice, the biggest difficulty in looking forward to the compensation for interest damage is the calculation of the loss of interest. This paper analyzes and calculates the three standards and the conventions which are expected to be observed in the amount of compensation for interest damage compensation. The law is expected to be helpful to solve the difficult problem of calculating the amount of damages for anticipated interests.
In this paper, the analysis and Research on the related issues in the contract damage compensation are expected to promote the further development and improvement of the contract law in China, and hope to help the solution of the difficult problems in the judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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