遗传资源获取与惠益分享若干法律问题研究

发布时间：2017-12-26 17:40

本文关键词：遗传资源获取与惠益分享若干法律问题研究　出处：《中南林业科技大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着生物多样性的保护和生物技术的高速发展,遗传资源的保护问题也日渐凸显,遗传资源的获取与惠益分享所涉及的法律问题渐渐走进了人们的视野。遗传资源丰富的国家大部分都是发展中国家,但是却因为本身生物技术落后,无法对本国的遗传资源有效利用；发达国家虽然拥有发达的生物科学技术,本国却一般都匮乏遗传资源,于是向遗传资源丰富的国家寻求资源。发达国家奉行遗传资源为“人类共同遗产”原则,对发展中国家的遗传资源无偿获取并加以利用,对于造成的生物多样性破坏却不承担任何责任,发展中国家也未享受分毫利益,还要承受生物多样性保护的责任,于是主张遗传资源国家永久主权原则,这一矛盾就引发了遗传资源的获取与惠益分享问题。1992年《生物多样性公约》确立了“人类共同关切事项原则”,对两者争议的矛盾进行了协调,准确表述了遗传资源的法律地位,为遗传资源获取与惠益分享提供了国际法基础。我国的遗传资源流失现象十分严重,现有的法律框架与管制框架也存在着缺陷与不足,尤其是在《生物多样性公约关于遗传资源的获取及公平分享惠益的名古屋议定书》的出现之后,对于我国的遗传资源保护法律与管理体制又提出了新的挑战,解决遗传资源的获取与惠益分享的法律问题已经刻不容缓。我国现存的遗传资源相关的立法与管制体制存在着不足,不能满足遗传资源的获取保护与惠益分享的需求,因此,应当建立健全遗传资源惠益分享的立法,确立遗传资源获取与惠益分享的管制机制,才能最大限度的保护遗传资源并实现最佳收益。
[Abstract]:With the protection of biodiversity and the rapid development of biotechnology, the protection of genetic resources is becoming increasingly prominent. The legal issues involved in the acquisition and benefit sharing of genetic resources have gradually entered the field of vision. The country abundant genetic resources are mostly developing countries, but because of their own biological technology is backward, not on its effective use of genetic resources; although the developed countries have developed their own biological science and technology, they are short of genetic resources, genetic resources and seek to resource rich countries. The developed countries of genetic resources for the principle of common heritage of mankind, the genetic resources of developing countries for free and be used for the destruction of biodiversity but does not assume any responsibility, developing countries enjoy nothing of interest, but also bear the responsibility to protect biodiversity, so that the genetic resources of permanent national sovereignty principle, the a contradiction leads to the access and benefit sharing issues of genetic resources. In 1992, the Convention on biological diversity established the principle of "common concerns of mankind", and coordinated the disputes between them. It accurately expressed the legal status of genetic resources, and provided the international law basis for the acquisition and benefit sharing of genetic resources. The loss of genetic resources in China is very serious, the legal framework and regulatory framework of the existing defects and shortcomings also exist, especially in the "after the Convention on biological diversity for genetic resources and equitable sharing of benefits of the Nagoya Protocol", for the protection of genetic resources legal and management system in China is put forward new challenges, get to solve legal problems of genetic resources and benefit sharing is urgent. Genetic resources of China's existing relevant legislation and control system exist deficiencies, can not meet the access protection and benefit sharing of genetic resources demand, therefore, shall establish and perfect the benefit sharing of genetic resources legislation, establish the control system of access to genetic resources and benefit sharing, in order to maximize the protection of genetic resources and to achieve the best benefits.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.6

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