“有关组织”参与环境公益诉讼的双重观察

发布时间：2017-12-31 12:19

本文关键词：“有关组织”参与环境公益诉讼的双重观察　出处：《浙江农林大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：环境公益诉讼的原告资格是环境公益诉讼的核心问题，早在立法对环境公益诉讼作出破冰规定之前，司法已不乏不同主体的环境公益诉讼尝试，学术界对环境公益诉讼的主体资格也争论颇丰。立法对环境公益诉讼原告资格规定的不明晰，导致其在实践过程中困难重重，因此以立法的形式明确环境公益诉讼的原告资格是使环境公益诉讼这一好的制度真正发挥保护环境公益作用的前提。本文通过“有关组织”参与环境公益诉讼实践及理论的双重观察，分析出“有关组织”具有参与环境公益诉讼的能力及理论基础，得出“有关组织”应为环境公益诉讼第一主体的结论。《环境保护法修正案（草案）》36条也通过三次审议稿对何为“有关组织”作出规定，但存在原告资格认定依然模糊、尚未找到宽严相济的“平衡点”、没有规定配套保障措施等问题，所以笔者认为《环境保护法修正案（草案）》要针对“有关组织”参与环境公益诉讼过程中起诉难、公益性受到质疑、举证难以及诉讼成本过高的困境做出完善。本文的建议为：一方面，完善《环境保护法修正案（草案）》36条，明确赋予“有关组织”环境公益诉讼诉权。包括：一，将环境公益诉讼“有关组织”范围的规定为“对污染环境等损害社会公共利益的行为，当地合法的环保组织可以向人民法院提起诉讼；其他合法环保组织可以作为共同原告起诉。”；二，建立公众对“有关组织”起诉的异议申请制度。另一方面，完善《环境保护法》的配套措施以保障“有关组织”环境公益诉权的有效实现。包括：一，规定“有关组织”参与环境公益诉讼的基础性保障措施，如尽量避免行政干预、将环境保护法庭的设置向全国推广、建立完备的环境公益基金。二，，通过规定专家证人参与诉讼来协助当事人举证、赋予环保部门强制举证的政府责任、采取修正的举证责任倒置制度等平衡举证责任；三，完善“有关组织”环境公益诉讼特殊程序以缓和成本压力，包括设置前置程序和案件管理程序、对法院立案活动的监督机制、是否适用调解制度。借此完善建议以求探寻一条适合我国的环境公益诉讼制度良好运行的路径，实现“有关组织”在维护环境公益的作用发挥，最终实现环境公益与环境私益的协调共处。
[Abstract]:The plaintiff qualification of environmental public interest litigation is the core issue of environmental public interest litigation, before breaking legislation provisions of the environmental public interest litigation, environmental public interest litigation has many different subjects to the academic qualification of environmental public interest litigation also argue a lot. The legislation of plaintiff qualification of environmental public litigation is not clear, cause the difficulties in the process of practice, so the qualification of plaintiff in the form of a clear legislative environmental public interest litigation is to make it a good environmental public interest litigation system to play the real role to protect the environment of public interest.
In this paper, through the "double observation of relevant organizations" participation in environmental public interest litigation in theory and practice, analysis of the "organization" has the ability and the theoretical basis of participation in environmental public interest litigation, the relevant organizations should be "environmental protection law amendment. Conclusion for environmental public interest litigation subject first (Draft) >36 by the three review what is the draft of the" relevant organization "provisions, but the plaintiff qualification are still vague, has not yet found the leniency" balance ", there is no problem supporting security measures and other regulations, so the author thinks that" environmental protection law amendment (Draft) "to" relevant organizations' participation in environmental public interest litigation process it is difficult to prosecute, the public questioned, the burden of proof is difficult and the high cost of lawsuit difficulties make perfect.
The suggestions in this paper: on the one hand, improve the "environmental protection law amendment (Draft) >36, given the" organization "environmental public interest litigation right. Include: first, the provisions of the environmental public interest litigation" organization "the scope of the" behavior of environmental pollution damage the public interests, the local legal environmental organizations can bring a lawsuit to the people's court; other legal organizations of environmental protection can be used as common plaintiff. "; two, the establishment of the public to apply for the relevant organization" prosecution objection system. On the other hand, to improve the "environmental protection law" supporting measures to ensure the effective implementation of the relevant organization environmental public litigation. Including: a "relevant provisions, organization participation in environmental public interest litigation basic security measures, such as to avoid administrative intervention, the court set up environmental protection to promote the country, establish perfect environmental public base Gold. Two, through the expert witness to assist the parties involved in litigation proof regulations, government responsibility given to the environmental protection department of the compulsory proof, take the burden of proof system balance correction of the burden of proof; three, improve the "special program about organization of environmental public interest litigation in order to ease the cost pressures, including setting the pre procedure and case management procedures of supervision the mechanism of the court filing activities, whether mediation. Take the suggestions in order to explore the path of a good environment for China's public interest litigation system, the realization of" the organization "to play in the maintenance of environmental public role, realize the harmonious coexistence of the environment public welfare and environmental private interest.

【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.6;D925.1

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