船舶油污损害赔偿范围问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 12:00

本文关键词：船舶油污损害赔偿范围问题研究　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来，我国海洋石油运输呈现高速增长之势，伴随着的石油泄漏事故不断增多，油污造成的损失也日趋扩大，从而加快了我国船舶油污损害赔偿法律制度形成和发展。船舶油污损害的赔偿范围问题成为理论界与司法实践部门所共同关注的热点问题。船舶油污损害的赔偿范围包括了财产损害这种一般类型的损害，也包括了表现为清污费用、海洋环境损害和纯经济损失这三类特有的损害。目前而言，世界上大多数国家参加了以《国际油污损害民事责任公约》和与之配套的《国际油污损害赔偿基金公约》为基础建立起来的国际油污损害赔偿制度，其中有关船舶油污损害赔偿范围的规定也在司法实践中取得了良好的效果。我国作为一个石油进口大国，也仅仅加入了《民事责任公约》而没有加入《基金公约》，并且在国内，目前还没有一套完整有关船舶油污损害赔偿制度法律框架；有关船舶油污损害赔偿范围的法律规定零零散散的出现在《民法通则》、《海洋环境保护法》、《环境保护法》、《水污染防治法》、《海商法》等法律法规中，而最近开始实施的《最高人民法院关于审理船舶油污损害赔偿纠纷案件若干问题的规定》也只是和国际公约保持了相对的一致性，对船舶油污损害赔偿范围的规定依然过于概括，这也使得我国在处理油污损害赔偿范围的司法实践中存在很大的争议，最终也导致了同一个案件在不同法院的判决中出现了差异很大的结果。文章的第一部分阐述了船舶油污损害赔偿的相关概念，，对“船舶”和“油类”的范围进行了界定，论述了船舶油污损害的特点及船舶油污损害赔偿的特征。文章的第二部分介绍了国际公约和国际公约及美国、加拿大国内立法关于船舶油污损害赔偿范围的规定，对比的发现有关船舶污染损害赔偿的范围是随着社会的不断进步而不断扩大的。文章的第三部分主要针对我国目前关于船舶油污损害赔偿范围中的争议，着重讨论了以下几个方面的问题：一、明确清污费用的法律性质，列举了三种不同的观点，笔者最终是赞成清污费用具有民事责任的性质，并说明其理由。通过对国际公约，外国国内立法的比较分析，并结合中国如今船舶油污赔偿水平较为低下的实际，探讨具体的清污费用应该具有的赔偿项目。二、从海洋环境损害的概念入手，分析了海洋环境索赔的主体，充分参照国际公约和外国法的规定，提出我国海洋环境损害赔偿应遵循的原则及具体的赔偿范围。三、探讨了纯经济损失的相关概念，纯经济损失在我国立法上的地位和实际，结合国际公约和其他国内法上关于纯经济损失赔偿规定的实际，进而赞成我国应该赔偿船舶油污损害中纯经济损失的部分，但必须考虑相关的因素。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's offshore oil transport showed rapid growth trend, with the oil spill accidents, oil pollution caused by widening, thus speeding up the formation and development of the legal system of compensation for oil pollution damage in China. The scope of compensation for oil pollution damage has become a hot issue of common concern in theory and judicial practice department. The scope of compensation for oil pollution damage includes damage of this general type of property damage, including the performance for the clean-up costs, marine environmental damage and pure economic loss of these three types of specific damage.
At present, most countries in the world have joined to the International Convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage "and" with the support of the "International Convention on oil pollution compensation fund > established as the foundation of the international oil pollution damage compensation system, the provisions of the scope of the compensation for oil pollution damage from ships in the judicial practice also achieved good effect in our country. As an oil importer, has just joined the" Convention on civil liability and did not join the "fund convention > >, and in China, there is not a set of complete legal framework for oilpollution damage compensation system; the scope of compensation for oil pollution damage from ships have closed the legal provisions of 00 or in the general principles of civil law > >, < the marine environmental protection law", "environmental protection law", "water pollution prevention law > >, < maritime law and other laws and regulations, the Supreme People's court recently started on the trial of ship oil pollution. The provisions on several issues of damages disputes only and international conventions consistent relative to the provisions of the scope of compensation for oil pollution damage is still too general, it also makes China's controversial judicial practice in the scope of compensation for oil pollution damage, eventually lead to the same case results great difference in different court decisions.
The first part of the article expounds the relevant concepts of compensation for ship oil pollution damage, defines the scope of "ships" and "oils", discusses the characteristics of ship oil pollution damage and the characteristics of compensation for ship oil pollution damage.
The second part of the article introduces the international conventions and international conventions, as well as the provisions of the US and Canada's domestic legislation concerning the scope of compensation for oil pollution damage by ships. It is found that the scope of compensation for marine pollution damage is expanding with the continuous progress of society.
The third part of the article mainly deals with the disputes in the scope of compensation for oil pollution damage in China, and focuses on the following problems:
A clear legal nature of clean-up costs, enumerates three kinds of different views, the author is in favor of the clean-up costs has the nature of civil liability, and explain the reason. Through the comparative analysis of the international conventions, foreign and domestic legislation, combined with China now the oil pollution compensation level is relatively low, explore the specific the clean-up costs should have compensation project.
Two, starting from the concept of marine environmental damage, we analyzed the main body of claim for marine environment, and fully followed the provisions of international conventions and foreign laws, and put forward the principles and specific scope of compensation for marine environmental damage compensation in China.
Three, discusses the concept of pure economic loss, and the actual status of pure economic loss in our legislation, the international conventions and other domestic law practice about pure economic loss compensation provisions, and for the compensation of pure economic loss in oil pollution damage should be part of our country, but must consider the relevant factors.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.19

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