环境污染侵权中纯粹经济损失问题初探

发布时间：2018-02-23 19:09

本文关键词： 纯粹经济损失环境污染赔偿　出处：《南京师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：环境污染会引起诸多责任,民事责任、行政责任和刑事责任。在诸多责任中,民事责任中纯粹经济损失所涉及的问题最为复杂。对纯粹经济损失的界定有载体论和权益论两种观点,本文采用权益论。即纯粹经济损失是受害人财产的直接减少,并不是因其绝对权利被侵犯所引起的。纯粹经济损失呈现出许多特征,主要有直接性、财产性和不确定性的特征。对纯粹经济损失可以从不同视角进行分类,本文认为,纯粹经济损失可以分为反射损失、转移损失和不存在合同关系的信赖损失。对纯粹经济损失做何种制度上的选择,各国呈现出不同的面相。在大陆法系中,以法国法为代表的国家选择了原则予以赔偿,而以德国法为代表的国家则选择了谨慎限制的原则。而英美法系中,则采取了与德国法一样的保守模式。虽然法国法虽然采取了开放式的保护模式,但是却通过侵权行为的其他构成要件予以限制。换句话说,法国法将限制的重任放在了法官身上,而德国法将限制的重任放在了立法者的身上。为什么要对纯粹经济损失进行限制呢?理论界给出了四种理由：一是诉讼闸门理论。二是利益的价值序列。三是社会保障因素。四是经济分析。随着社会的发展,对许多纯粹经济损失完全不予赔偿则会有失公平。原因是这些纯粹经济损失打破了这些理据。分析我国法律制度,我国正是从这一进路解决纯粹经济损失的。我国是将纯粹经济损失赔偿与否的任务交给了立法者和最高法,对法官采取了审慎相信的态度。在环境污染引起的纯粹经济损失中,船舶油污所引起的纯粹经济损失给予赔偿已经成熟,因而最高法首先出台司法解释予以肯定,等待时机成熟在上升到立法层次。其他纯粹经济损失现阶段应该原则上不予赔偿。
[Abstract]:Environmental pollution will give rise to many responsibilities, civil liability, administrative liability and criminal liability. The definition of pure economic loss is based on the theory of carrier and the theory of rights and interests, that is, pure economic loss is the direct reduction of the victim's property. Pure economic loss has many characteristics, such as directness, property and uncertainty. The pure economic loss can be classified from different angles. Pure economic loss can be divided into reflective loss, transfer loss and trust loss without contract relationship. Countries represented by French law chose the principle of compensation, while those represented by German law chose the principle of circumscription. It takes the same conservative model as German law. Although French law adopts an open model of protection, it is limited by other constituent elements of a tort. In other words, French law places the burden of restrictions on judges, while German law places them on legislators. Why limit purely economic losses? The theorists have given four reasons: first, the theory of litigation gate; second, the value sequence of interests; third, social security factors; and fourth, economic analysis. With the development of society, It would be unfair not to compensate at all for many pure economic losses. The reason is that these pure economic losses have broken these justifications. It is from this path that our country solves pure economic losses. Our country has entrusted the task of compensation for pure economic losses to legislators and supreme law, and has taken a prudent attitude towards judges. In the pure economic losses caused by environmental pollution, The compensation for pure economic losses caused by oil pollution from ships has matured, so the Supreme Law first issued a judicial interpretation to confirm it, waiting for the time to rise to the legislative level. Other pure economic losses should not be compensated in principle at this stage.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.68;D923

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