我国废旧电子电器回收利用的立法研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:52

本文选题：废旧电子电器回收利用　切入点：废旧电子电器立法　出处：《中国政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：废旧电子电器具有极大的环境危害性，同时又具有可资源化的特点，这使得对其回收利用成为可能。我国近几年废旧电子电器数量剧增，对其回收利用工作却开展缓慢。由于我国回收利用技术和立法的落后，国内产品在国际贸易中常常会受到发达国家绿色贸易壁垒的制约。因而有必要进一步完善我国废旧电子电器回收利用方面的立法。目前我国废旧电子电器回收利用实践中的问题很多。主要表现在回收市场紊乱、回收利用方式陈旧、二手市场缺乏法律规制及城市居民现有的回收利用意识薄弱这四个方面。已经出台的相关法律法规及政策措施对这一问题的解决有一定的积极意义但仍不够完善。2011年1月1日起施行的《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》是这一领域目前最新的立法规定，但也存在着一些立法不足。该法的立法重点在于对废旧电子电器末端处理的法律规制，而对于回收体系及废旧电子电器二手市场的管理却并没有完善的法律规定。除了《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》这一专项立法之外，2007年3月1日起实施的《电子信息产品污染控制管理办法》和2008年2月1日起实施的《电子废物污染环境防治管理办法》这两部专项立法则存在着立法层级不高、生产者责任延伸制度规定不完善、法律强制性不足等问题。与废旧电子电器回收利用相关的两部基本法律虽然立法层级很高，但由于相关法律规定的缺失，使得这两部基本法律并没能在规范废旧电子电器回收利用秩序方面发挥其应有的法律效力。《固体废物污染环境防治法》中对于回收利用的法律规定不完备；《循环经济促进法》中虽然规定了生产者责任延伸制度，但多为倡导性的规定，缺乏可操作性。相比之下，德国、日本等多数发达国家在废旧电子电器回收利用的专项立法中普遍采取了相对完善的生产者责任延伸制度并构建了适合其本国国情的回收利用体系。但国情不同所采用的具体模式也各有特色。我国在这一制度方面的研究还是处在比较初级的论证阶段，已经出台的法律制度也缺乏可操作性，因此，有选择性地借鉴发达国家已有的制度经验是十分必要的。但是法律移植和借鉴也存在着制度本土化的问题，，不考虑我国国情而一味地移植国外先进制度很可能会产生水土不服的问题。因此，我国在构建废旧电子电器回收利用体系及专项立法时，应根据我国现有的政治、经济、文化方面的基本国情有选择性及理性地借鉴发达国家现有的制度经验，同时充分利用已有的本土的资源和制度，进一步完善专项基本立法及配套法律制度、完善适合我国的生产者责任延伸制度、构建多层次的回收利用体系及规范二手交易市场秩序、明确政府各项职责、完善信息引导及宣传教育机制。
[Abstract]:It is possible to recycle the waste electronics and electrical appliances because of their great harm to the environment, and at the same time, they can be reused. In recent years, the number of used and used electronic appliances in China has increased dramatically. However, the work of recycling is slow. Due to the backwardness of recycling technology and legislation in China, In international trade, domestic products are often restricted by green trade barriers in developed countries, so it is necessary to further improve the legislation on recycling of used electronic and electrical appliances in China. At present, there are many problems in the practice of recycling waste electronics and electrical appliances in our country. It is mainly manifested in the disorder of the recycling market and the old recycling methods. The lack of legal regulation in the secondary market and the weak awareness of recycling among urban residents are four aspects. The relevant laws, regulations and policy measures that have been issued have some positive significance to solve this problem, but they are still not perfect. The Regulation on the Recycling and disposal of waste Electrical and Electronic products, which came into effect on January 1st 2011, is the latest legislative provision in this field. However, there are still some deficiencies in legislation. The legislative focus of the law is on the legal regulation of the terminal treatment of used electronic and electrical appliances. However, there are no perfect legal provisions for the management of the recycling system and the secondary market of used electronic appliances. In addition to the special legislation on the management of recycling and disposal of waste electrical and electronic products, it has been implemented since March 1st 2007. The two special legislations, "measures for pollution Control and Management of Electronic Information products" and "measures for Environmental Control and Management of Electronic waste pollution" implemented since February 1st 2008, have a low level of legislation. Although the two basic laws related to the recycling and utilization of used electronic and electrical appliances are of high legislative level, but due to the lack of relevant laws and regulations, These two basic laws have not been able to play their due legal effect in standardizing the order of recycling and utilization of used and used electronic appliances. The Law on Environmental Prevention and Control of Environmental pollution caused by solid waste is not complete in the legal provisions for recycling; Although the extended system of producer responsibility is provided for in the Economic Promotion Act, However, most of the provisions for advocacy, the lack of maneuverability. In contrast, Germany, Most developed countries, such as Japan, have adopted relatively perfect producer responsibility extension system in the special legislation on recycling and utilization of used electronic appliances and constructed a recycling system suitable for their national conditions. However, the national conditions are different. The specific models adopted also have their own characteristics. The research on this system in China is still in a relatively primary stage of argumentation. There is also a lack of maneuverability of the legal system that has been introduced, so it is very necessary to learn from the system experience of developed countries selectively. However, there is also the problem of system localization in the transplantation and reference of law. Transplanting foreign advanced systems without considering the national conditions of our country is likely to lead to problems of unacceptability. Therefore, when our country constructs a recycling and utilization system for waste electronics and electrical appliances and special legislation, it should be based on the existing politics and economy of our country. The basic cultural conditions are selective and rational to learn from the existing institutional experiences of developed countries, and at the same time to make full use of existing indigenous resources and institutions to further improve the special basic legislation and supporting legal systems, We should perfect the extended system of producer responsibility which is suitable for our country, construct a multi-level recycling system and standardize the order of second-hand trading market, clarify the responsibilities of the government, and perfect the mechanism of information guidance, propaganda and education.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.6;F713.2;F426.6

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