论农民环境权之保障

发布时间：2018-04-03 20:48

本文选题：农民环境权　切入点：善治　出处：《福州大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境权是在全球环境危机出现后逐渐被人们所认识的新型人权。许多国家在法律上确认公民享有环境权。在环境问题越来越受到关注的今天，我国的环境问题依然严重并有逐步恶化的趋势。城市经济发展成果举世瞩目，而资源消耗性的发展导致的环境污染，却一步步向农村转移。农村环境正在遭受更为严重的破坏：农村自身生产、生活造成的污染以及城市工业污染、生活垃圾转移到农村。这种双重污染压力给农村环境带来更大危害，农民环境权保障困难重重。在构建公平、正义、平等、和谐的法治社会进程中，，保障农民环境权对维护环境公平、保护农民的生存权、发展权以及保障公民基本人权均有重大意义。尤其是在构建社会主义和谐社会的历史强音和建设社会主义新农村的时代背景下，在我国社会经济快速发展的转型时期，提倡人与自然和谐发展、加强农村公民环境权保障的现实意义更加重大。从整体上看农村公民面临更迫切的经济发展压力，而在我国城乡二元模式下，农村公民比城市公民更少的享受发展成果却更多的负担发展代价。农村公民环境权保障不力又直接威胁到农村公民的生存权和发展权。农村公民环境权保障面临着比城市公民环境权保障更加不利的地位。本文通过对环境权的由来、概念、性质、内容的介绍，引出农民环境权的概念。通过对农民环境权保障不力的介绍，分析农民环境权保障不力的原因，期待以法学方法和政治学理论中治理和善治理论对农民环境权的保障提出具有建设性的建议，通过善治理论的引入，分析善治理论应用于农民环境权保障的可行性。最后从以下三大方面提出有效保障农民环境权的建议：首先，从宪法和法律上确认农村公民环境权的主体地位，并将农村公民置于农村环境管理权力主体地位，从而建立以农民为主体的村庄环境管理制度。第二，构建起保护农村环境的法律体系，并建立农村环境保护的村规民约。第三，理顺和完善保障农民环境权的救济途径。在善治理论的指导下，从政治、社会、法律途径多管齐下，有效治理农村经济社会发展中的环境问题，以期达到有效保障农民环境权的目的。
[Abstract]:Environmental right is a new type of human rights gradually recognized by people after the emergence of global environmental crisis.Many countries legally recognize the right of citizens to the environment.Nowadays, the environmental problem is getting more and more attention, the environmental problem of our country is still serious and has the tendency of gradual deterioration.The achievements of urban economic development attract worldwide attention, but the environmental pollution caused by the consumptive development of resources is transferred to the countryside step by step.Rural environment is suffering more serious damage: rural self-production, pollution caused by life and urban industrial pollution, domestic waste transfer to rural areas.This kind of double pollution pressure brings more harm to the rural environment, and the protection of farmers' environmental rights is very difficult.In the process of constructing a fair, just, equal and harmonious society under the rule of law, it is of great significance to safeguard the environmental rights of farmers, protect the rights of subsistence, development and basic human rights of citizens.Especially under the background of constructing the socialist harmonious society and constructing the new socialist countryside, the harmonious development of man and nature is advocated in the transitional period of the rapid development of social economy in our country.Strengthening the protection of rural citizens' environmental rights is of greater practical significance.On the whole, rural citizens are facing more pressing economic development pressure, but under the dual mode of urban and rural areas, rural citizens enjoy less fruits of development than urban citizens, but bear more development costs.The weak protection of rural citizens' environmental rights directly threatens the rural citizens' right to survival and development.The protection of environmental rights of rural citizens is more disadvantageous than that of urban citizens.This paper introduces the origin, concept, nature and content of environmental right, and leads to the concept of farmers' environmental right.By introducing the weak protection of farmers' environmental rights, this paper analyzes the reasons for the weak protection of farmers' environmental rights, and looks forward to making constructive suggestions on the protection of farmers' environmental rights by the theory of governance and good governance in the legal method and the theory of political science.Through the introduction of the theory of good governance, the feasibility of applying the theory of good governance to the protection of farmers' environmental rights is analyzed.Finally, some suggestions are put forward in the following three aspects: firstly, the main status of environmental rights of rural citizens should be confirmed in the constitution and law, and the rural citizens should be placed in the main position of environmental management power in rural areas.In order to establish the farmers as the main body of the village environmental management system.Second, build up the legal system to protect the rural environment, and establish the village rules and regulations of the rural environmental protection.Third, straighten out and perfect the relief ways to protect farmers' environmental rights.Under the guidance of the theory of good governance, the environmental problems in the development of rural economy and society can be effectively dealt with from the political, social and legal channels in order to achieve the purpose of effectively protecting the farmers' environmental rights.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.1;D922.68

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