中国林业碳汇交易的法律制度构建

发布时间：2018-04-24 01:13

本文选题：林业碳汇交易 + 碳权排放　；参考：《中南民族大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前，，全球气候变暖已经成为全世界民众面临的共同问题，国际社会为此召开了一系列有关温室气体减排的国际会议，并采取了一系列积极而有效的措施来保护地球生态环境。其中，林业碳汇交易机制作为应对措施之一，在国际社会的共同努力下应运而生。同时，林业碳汇交易作为一种新兴的森林生态效益补偿机制具有极高的生态效益和社会价值。对于发达国家，这是一种新兴的间接减排途径；对发展中国家而言，它带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。我国作为发展中国家，且是温室气体排放大国，无论是为应对气候变化还是促进国内经济的可持续发展，国内林业碳汇交易市场的发展都是必要且可行的。在法治发达的国家，任何一个市场交易机制都必须具备相应的交易基础，都是在法律制度的指引下进行的。目前，一些发达国家已经形成了相对完善的交易机制，但是，我国目前尚未把国内林业碳汇交易市场纳入法律制度的调整之中，缺少相关政策和法律规制，发展还十分不成熟。因此，国内林业碳汇交易市场的进一步发展，还需要尽快运用法律手段加以确认和规范。本文对于如何构建规制我国国内林业碳汇交易市场的法律制度主要分为四个部分进行研究。首先立足于对林业碳汇交易制度的系统分析，主要针对我国目前国内林业碳汇交易市场的发展现状及其存在的问题，在借鉴国外已相对成熟的交易机制基础上结合我国国情，尝试构建一套与我国林业碳汇交易市场运行相适应的系统的法律制度。第一部分是林业碳汇交易制度的理论分析。该部分分析了林业碳汇交易制度的涵义、特征以及社会价值。认为林业碳汇就是指利用森林的储碳功能，从空气中清除二氧化碳的过程、活动或机制。由国际会议所催生的林业碳汇交易制度，主要是指由负有强制减排任务的发达国家通过提供资金或技术与发展中国家合作开展造林或再造林碳汇项目，由此项目产生的碳汇额度来折抵其排放指标，旨在达到保护和改善全球气候与环境的效果；林业碳汇交易制度具有对策的新颖性、政策的强制性和交易的平等性几个特征；另外，林业碳汇交易制度的社会价值主要体现在它能够协调经济和环境统筹发展，并且开创了森林生态效益补偿的一种新途径，体现了法的公平原则。第二部分介绍了林业碳汇交易制度在国际上以及在我国国内的产生及发展实践。首先介绍了国际社会林业碳汇交易制度产生的相关背景，发展的国际历程以及在国际市场上的运行机制。对京都三机制（清洁发展机制、联合履行、排放贸易三种域外减排的灵活机制），尤其是清洁发展机制中林业碳汇交易的国际运行规则、条件、效益等进行评述。其后，就介绍了我国林业碳汇交易市场的建立及发展实践，其中包括建立我国国内林业碳汇交易市场的相关背景、发展历程以及具体实例。第三部分介绍了我国目前林业碳汇交易市场的法制建设的现状以及存在的问题。已有的法制体系主要包括我国为参与国际林业碳汇交易以及建立我国国内林业碳汇交易市场而制定的政策法规以及采取的一些法制措施。在此部分重点介绍了我国国内林业碳汇交易市场存在的一些法律和制度上的问题，包括相关法律保障的缺乏和制度设计不配套以及基于我国国情而导致的在法制构建中存在着一些前提性障碍等。第四部分提出我国林业碳汇交易制度的法制化完善对策。在借鉴国外碳交易市场发展的成功实践经验的基础上，结合我国的具体国情，提出以优先建立国内碳排放权交易市场为前提，从中引入林业碳汇交易机制，为国内林业碳汇交易市场的发展创造空间。其后，主要从交易的法律关系主体、客体、中介服务机制以及风险保障和监管机制等方面提出了具体的立法建议和制度构想。
[Abstract]:At present, global warming has become a common problem facing the people of the world. The international community has convened a series of international conferences on greenhouse gas emission reduction, and adopted a series of active and effective measures to protect the earth's ecological environment. Under the same effort, the forestry carbon sequestration transaction, as a new forest ecological benefit compensation mechanism, has very high ecological and social value. For developed countries, this is a new indirect way to reduce emission. For developing countries, it has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges. China is a developing country. The country, and the big greenhouse gas emitter, is necessary and feasible for the development of the domestic forestry carbon exchange market, whether to cope with the climate change or to promote the sustainable development of the domestic economy. In the developed country under the rule of law, any market trading mechanism must have the corresponding trading basis, all of which are guided by the legal system. At present, some developed countries have formed a relatively perfect trading mechanism. However, China has not yet incorporated the domestic forestry carbon exchange market into the adjustment of the legal system, lack of relevant policies and legal regulations, and the development is still very immature. Therefore, the further development of the carbon exchange market in the country needs to be further developed. Use legal means to confirm and standardize it as soon as possible.
This paper mainly studies how to construct the legal system of regulating China's domestic forestry carbon exchange trading market in four parts. Firstly, it is based on the systematic analysis of the forestry carbon sequestration transaction system, mainly aiming at the current development and existing problems of China's domestic forestry carbon exchange trading market, which is relatively mature in foreign countries. On the basis of the trading mechanism, combined with China's national conditions, we try to build a system of legal system suitable for the operation of forestry carbon sequestration market in China.
The first part is the theoretical analysis of the forestry carbon sequestration transaction system. This part analyses the meaning, characteristics and social value of the forestry carbon sequestration transaction system. The forestry carbon sequestration refers to the process, activity or mechanism of the carbon sequestration using the carbon storage function of the forest, the activity or mechanism of the carbon sequestration from the air. In order to protect and improve the effects of the global climate and environment, the development of the carbon sequestration system of the forestry carbon sequestration transaction system is new to the developed countries which have the compulsory emission reduction task to develop afforestation or reforestation carbon sequestration projects by providing funds or technologies to develop afforestation or reforestation carbon sequestration projects. In addition, the social value of the forestry carbon sequestration system is mainly reflected in its ability to coordinate economic and environmental overall development, and to create a new way of forest ecological benefits compensation, which embodies the fairness of the law.
The second part introduces the production and development practice of forestry carbon sequestration trading system in the world and in China. First, it introduces the relevant background of the international social forestry carbon exchange trading system, the international course of development and the operation mechanism in the international market. The three machine system of Kyoto (clean development mechanism, joint performance, emission trade) In particular, the international operation rules, conditions and benefits of forestry carbon sequestration transactions in the clean development mechanism are reviewed. Then, the establishment and development practice of China's forestry carbon sequestration market is introduced, including the setting up of the relevant background, the development process and the development process of China's domestic forestry carbon exchange trading market. Concrete examples.
The third part introduces the current situation of the legal construction of China's forestry carbon sequestration market and the existing problems. The existing legal system mainly includes our country's policies and regulations as well as some legal measures taken to participate in international forestry carbon exchange trading and the establishment of China's domestic forestry carbon exchange market. This paper introduces some legal and institutional problems existing in China's domestic forestry carbon exchange trading market, including the lack of relevant legal guarantee and the lack of system design, and some precondition obstacles in the construction of the legal system, which are based on the national conditions of our country.
The fourth part puts forward the legal and perfect countermeasures of China's forestry carbon sequestration transaction system. On the basis of the successful experience of foreign carbon trading market development and the specific national conditions of our country, the paper puts forward the priority of establishing the domestic carbon emission trading market as the precondition, and introduces the forest trade carbon exchange transaction mechanism for the domestic forestry carbon exchange trading market. The development of the field creates space. After that, it puts forward specific legislative proposals and system ideas from the subject of the legal relations, the object, the intermediary service mechanism, the risk protection and the regulatory mechanism.

【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.68;F326.2

【参考文献】