环境行政执法的“人性化”研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 05:12

本文选题：环境行政 + 人性化执法　；参考：《东北林业大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：2003年10月中共十六届三中全会通过《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》,把“坚持以人为本,树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观,促进经济社会和人的全面发展”作为全党的指导思想。2007年10月中共十七大提出既要加强法治,也要加强德治。随着法治与德治相结合、树立科学发展观、构建和谐社会指导思想的确立,“人性化”逐步渗入到社会生活的各个方面,如我们经常能看到或听到的“人性化管理”、“人性化设计”等等,同样在执法领域内中最为盛行的话语恐怕就是“人性化执法”了。“以人为本”作为现代法治的最重要的价值取向,是针对过去我们的执法的随意性以及执法方式的偏激而发起的一场宣战。人性化执法是使执法回归到常态上来,使每一个人都得到尊重和关怀的一种在目前值得大力提倡的执法方式。论文第一部分绪论主要由研究背景、研究的目的及意义、国内外研究现状、论文的创新之处构成。第二部分论述了环境人性化执法的基本问题和理论基础。文章先阐述了环境行政人性化执法的概念、特征。人性化执法不是凭空而来,西方早期已有人性化执法初步的理论与实践。环境人性化行政执法具有理论基础和法律依据。理论基础如经济学基础、哲学基础、法学基础和政治学基础；我国《宪法》是我国人性化执法的法律依据。笔者认为,推行环境行政人性化执法意义非同寻常,它体现了行政立法的精神,是构建和谐社会的重要举措,是实现政府服务性本质的重要保证,它代表了现代法治的发展方向。人性化执法的出现,也是行政执法与人性的冲突和互动后的必然选择。第三部分阐述了环境行政人性化执法现状、存在问题及原因。目前我国正在加强执法主体建设,涿州市、榆树市等努力开展环境执法人性化实践,己取得成效。存在的问题主要是：行政方式违法,强制性手段滥用；忽视了对公民权益尤其是私权利的充分保护；执法冷漠现象较为普遍,缺乏服务意识。其主要原因在于：中国传统法治的思想根深蒂固；行政执法被误解为命令和强制,执法过程中没有体现以人为本；环境保护立法滞后,规定权责不清；环境行政执法监督管理机制不健全；环境执法人员自身素质有待提高等。第四部分主要针对上一个章节所列举的现象及原因提出一些实现环境行政执法人性化的构想。首先是要完善环境执法法律制度,突出人性化价值取向。这包括树立正确的环境执法人性化的指导思想；填补法律法规空白,为“人性化执法”提供保障；完善环境行政程序法,实现“人性化执法”目标。其次是完善环境执法相关制度,突出人性化特点,如完善公众参与制度、借鉴环境指导制度、建立环境保护行政合同制度。再次,环境执法要体现现代法治政府服务性本质,如环境执法不要“运动式”,要保持经常性；注重两种环境行政执法手段的综合运用——硬法与软法并举,如不一味营造对环境违法者的高压态势,加强对环境违法者进行警示教育。此外,还要加强执法队伍建设和执法监督,如注入人性化理念,提高执法人员制度管理；建立健全多种监督主体,加大监督力度。
[Abstract]:In October of 2003 , the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the Decision of the CPC Central Committee on the improvement of the socialist market economic system , and put forward the guiding ideology of the whole Party .

The first part of the thesis is mainly composed of the research background , the purpose and significance of the research , the research situation at home and abroad , and the innovation of the thesis .

The second part discusses the basic problems and the theoretical foundation of the humanized law enforcement in the environment . Firstly , the concept and characteristics of the humanized law enforcement in the environment are described . The humanized law enforcement is not based on the air . The theory and practice of humanizing law enforcement in the early period of the West have the theoretical foundation and the legal basis . The theoretical foundation is as the economic foundation , the philosophical foundation , the legal foundation and the political foundation ;
It is an important measure to construct a harmonious society , which represents the development direction of the modern rule of law . It is also the inevitable choice after the conflict and interaction between administrative law enforcement and human nature .

In the third part , the present situation , problems and reasons of the humanized law enforcement of environment administration are expounded . At present , we are strengthening the law enforcement subject construction , Zhuozhou and Yushu city to carry out the humanized practice of environmental law enforcement . The existing problems are : the administrative mode is illegal and the coercive measures are abused ;
Neglecting the full protection of the rights of citizens , in particular private rights ;
Law enforcement indifference phenomenon is more common , lack of service consciousness . Its main reason lies in : the Chinese traditional rule of law is deeply rooted in the thought ;
Administrative law enforcement is misconstrued as an order and coercion , and does not embody the people - oriented in the course of law enforcement ;
The legislation of environmental protection is lagging behind , stipulating that the rights and responsibilities are not clear ;
The supervision and management mechanism of environmental administrative law enforcement is not perfect ;
The quality of environmental law enforcement personnel needs to be improved .

The fourth part puts forward some ideas for realizing the humanization of environmental administrative law enforcement mainly aiming at the phenomenon and reason listed in the last chapter . First , we should perfect the legal system of environmental law enforcement and highlight the orientation of humanistic value . This includes the guiding ideology of setting up the right environment law enforcement humanized .
filling the blank of laws and regulations and providing guarantee for " humanized law enforcement " ;
We should perfect the law of environmental administrative procedure and realize the goal of " humanized law enforcement " . Secondly , we should perfect the relevant system of environmental law enforcement , emphasize the humanized characteristics , such as perfecting the public participation system , drawing on the environmental guidance system and establishing the administrative contract system of environmental protection . Thirdly , the environmental law enforcement should reflect the nature of modern rule of law government service , such as the environmental law enforcement not to be " sports " , and keep constant ;
In addition , it is necessary to strengthen the construction of law enforcement team and the supervision of law enforcement , such as injecting humanistic ideas and improving the management of law enforcement personnel system .
We should establish and improve various supervision subjects and strengthen supervision .

【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.1;D922.6

【参考文献】