海洋工程污染海洋环境防治法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 17:35

本文选题：海洋环境污染 + 海洋工程　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 海洋环境对于人类的生存和可持续发展具有重要意义,但随着经济与社会的发展,海洋工程污染形式随之增多,污染程度也在不断加大,造成了海洋环境的恶化。针对实际情况,我国政府制定了《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》和《防治海洋工程建设项目污染损害海洋环境管理条例》。但根据2007年中国海洋环境质量公报监测结果显示,2007年全海域未达到清洁海域水质标准的面积约14.5万平方公里,我国海洋环境恶化的趋势仍未得到有效缓解,这其中一个重要原因就是海洋工程开发活动频繁,海洋工程污染海洋环境加剧。目前,法学界对海洋工程污染防治法的关注不多,学界虽做了一些有益的探索,但在学术研究的广度与深度上存在着局限。主要表现在:没有吸收国际国外已有的研究成果;没有系统的理论分析;没有对海洋工程污染进行专门的体系研究。因此,本论文的主要目的是对海洋工程污染防治法律制度的不足与完善进行系统的归纳和研究。本文共分四个部分对我国防治海洋工程污染海洋环境法律制度进行研究。第一部分对海洋工程的定义和种类以及海洋工程污染物的定义和种类进行介绍和探讨,引出海洋工程污染对海洋环境的主要危害,严峻的现实表明了海洋工程污染防治任务的长期性和艰巨性。第二部分主要论述了海洋工程污染防治法的定义,及海洋工程污染防治法的地位。海洋工程污染防治法是我国防治海洋环境污染法律制度的重要组成部分,对防治海洋环境污染有重要意义,然后分别就国际和国内两个方面对海洋工程污染防治法的产生和发展作了介绍。本部分第三节主要讲述了国际社会和我国在海洋工程污染防治法制建设方面取得的一些成就。第三部分论述了海洋工程污染防治的国内法制度和国际法制度。国内法制度主要包括:重点海域排污总量控制制度、海洋工程环境影响评价制度、海洋排污收费制度等。国际法制度主要有海洋工程污染的预防制度和国际合作制度。第四部分是本文论述的重点。目前我国海洋工程污染防治法存在诸多不足,表现在:海洋工程环境影响评价制度的相关机制不完善、知情权制度缺失、行政管理体制不顺畅等。在借鉴外国海洋工程污染防治法经验的基础上,本文提出了新的建议:建立海洋工程污染责任保险制度、健全行政执法体系、完善公众参与制度和民事赔偿制度、发展环保组织、加强对外合作。这些新建议有利于加强和完善现有的海洋工程污染海洋环境防治法律制度,在法律层面上规范海洋工程开发活动,从而减少对海洋环境的污染损害。
[Abstract]:The marine environment is of great significance for the survival and sustainable development of human beings. However, with the development of economy and society, the forms of marine engineering pollution increase and the degree of pollution increases. In view of the actual situation, our government has formulated the Marine Environment Protection Law of the people's Republic of China and the regulations on the Prevention and Control of pollution damage to the Marine Environment of Marine Engineering Construction projects. However, according to the monitoring results of China Marine Environment quality Bulletin in 2007, the total area of the whole sea area did not meet the water quality standard of clean sea area in 2007 was about 145000 square kilometers, and the trend of marine environment deterioration in China has not been effectively alleviated. One of the important reasons is that marine engineering development activities are frequent and marine engineering pollution of marine environment is aggravated. At present, the law circles pay little attention to marine engineering pollution prevention and control law, although scholars have made some useful explorations. However, there are limitations in the breadth and depth of academic research. The main manifestations are as follows: no absorption of existing research results abroad; no systematic theoretical analysis; no systematic research on marine engineering pollution. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to systematically summarize and study the deficiency and perfection of marine engineering pollution prevention and control legal system. This paper is divided into four parts to study the legal system of marine engineering pollution prevention and control in China. In the first part, the definition and category of marine engineering and the definition and category of marine engineering pollutants are introduced and discussed, leading to the main harm of marine engineering pollution to the marine environment. The austere reality shows the long-term and arduous nature of marine engineering pollution prevention and control task. The second part mainly discusses the definition of marine engineering pollution prevention and control law and the status of marine engineering pollution prevention and control law. The law on prevention and control of marine engineering pollution is an important part of the legal system of preventing and controlling marine environmental pollution in China, which is of great significance to the prevention and control of marine environmental pollution. Then, the emergence and development of marine engineering pollution prevention and control law are introduced, both at home and abroad. The third section of this part mainly describes the international community and our country in marine engineering pollution prevention and control legal system has made some achievements. The third part discusses the domestic law system and international law system of marine engineering pollution prevention and control. Domestic legal system mainly includes: total discharge control system in key sea areas, environmental impact assessment system of marine engineering, marine pollution charge system and so on. The international law system mainly has the marine engineering pollution prevention system and the international cooperation system. The fourth part is the focus of this paper. At present, there are many deficiencies in marine engineering pollution prevention and control law in China, such as the imperfect mechanism of the environmental impact assessment system of marine engineering, the lack of the right to know system, the unsmooth administrative system and so on. Based on the experience of foreign marine engineering pollution prevention and control law, this paper puts forward some new suggestions: establishing marine engineering pollution liability insurance system, perfecting administrative law enforcement system, perfecting public participation system and civil compensation system. Develop environmental protection organizations and strengthen foreign cooperation. These new suggestions are helpful to strengthen and perfect the existing legal system of marine engineering pollution prevention and control, standardize the marine engineering development activities on the legal level, and reduce the pollution damage to the marine environment.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.68

【引证文献】