环境行政补偿法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 01:37

本文选题：环境行政补偿 + 行政赔偿　；参考：《东北林业大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 环境行政补偿是环境行政主体基于社会公共利益的需要,在管理国家和社会公共事务的过程中合法行使公权力的行为致使公民、法人或其他社会组织的合法权益遭受特别损害,依公平原则,对遭此损害的相对人给予合理补偿的行为。它是一项重要的环境行政管理和救济制度。随着经济社会的发展和公民法制意识、法制理念的不断提高,人们要求政府公平公正地对待每一个公民、法人和其他组织,保障其合法的人身和财产权益的呼声日益高涨。但我国法学界在环境行政补偿理论方面的研究相对滞后,其理论研究和制度建设在我国并未受到足够的重视。只有一些零散、抽象、缺乏可操作性的规定,缺乏合理救济的必要保障,缺少内在的整体有序性而无法形成和谐统一的、适应现代法制发展需要的行政补偿制度。以致于相对人的损失得不到应有的救济,远不能适应环境管理工作的需要。本文从环境行政补偿的一般理论入手,通过对我国环境行政补偿的历史与现状分析,提出环境行政补偿存在的问题与不足,结合国外及我国台湾地区环境行政补偿的经验,针对我国环境行政补偿在立法、执法以及司法中存在的问题,提出了完善我国环境行政补偿的一些设想。在立法方面,我国环境行政补偿存在的问题包括宪法中缺少环境行政补偿基本原则的规定,补偿规定零乱而不成体系,单行法律法规之间不协调,环境行政补偿范围狭窄,环境行政补偿的标准不明确,缺少程序规定,针对以上问题提出在宪法中增加环境行政补偿原则的规定、出台《环境行政补偿法》、扩大环境行政补偿的范围、明确环境行政补偿的标准、并完善环境行政补偿的程序的设想。在执法方面,针对存在的执法人员素质不高,执法不规范,对环境行政补偿缺乏有效的监督,执法程序混乱的问题提出要加强执法人员素质培养,提高行政补偿执法能力,加强对行政权力的监督和制约,成立专门负责环境行政补偿的机构,严格环境行政补偿执法程序。在司法方面,除了要完善相关的行政复议程序和司法救济程序,还要提高法官的素质,保障环境行政补偿的实现。
[Abstract]:Environmental administrative compensation is based on the needs of the public interest of the environmental administrative subject. The lawful exercise of public power in the process of managing the state and social public affairs causes special harm to the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons or other social organizations. According to the principle of fairness, the act of giving reasonable compensation to the counterpart who has suffered the damage. It is an important environmental administration and relief system. With the development of economy and society, the consciousness of citizen's legal system and the constant improvement of legal concept, people demand the government to treat every citizen, legal person and other organizations fairly and fairly, and to protect their legitimate personal and property rights and interests. However, the research on the theory of environmental administrative compensation is lagging behind, and its theoretical research and system construction are not paid enough attention to in our country. There are only some scattered, abstract, lack of operational provisions, lack of reasonable relief of the necessary protection, lack of internal order of the overall and unable to form a harmonious and unified administrative compensation system to meet the needs of the development of modern legal system. As a result, the loss of the relative person can not get due relief, far from meeting the needs of environmental management. Starting from the general theory of environmental administrative compensation, this paper analyzes the history and present situation of environmental administrative compensation in China, and points out the problems and shortcomings of environmental administrative compensation, combining with the experience of environmental administrative compensation in foreign countries and Taiwan. Aiming at the problems existing in the legislation, law enforcement and judicature of environmental administrative compensation in our country, this paper puts forward some tentative ideas for perfecting our country's environmental administrative compensation. In terms of legislation, the problems of environmental administrative compensation in China include the lack of the basic principles of environmental administrative compensation in the Constitution, the disorder and fragmentation of compensation provisions, the lack of coordination between separate laws and regulations, and the narrow scope of environmental administrative compensation. The standard of environmental administrative compensation is not clear and the procedure is lacking. In view of the above problems, the author proposes to add the principle of environmental administrative compensation to the Constitution, promulgates the Environmental Administrative compensation Law, and expands the scope of environmental administrative compensation. Make clear the standard of environmental administrative compensation, and perfect the assumption of environmental administrative compensation procedure. In the aspect of law enforcement, the quality of law enforcement personnel is not high, the law enforcement is not standardized, the environmental administrative compensation is lack of effective supervision, and the law enforcement procedures are confused, the quality training of law enforcement personnel should be strengthened, and the law enforcement ability of administrative compensation should be improved. Strengthen the supervision and restriction of administrative power, set up a special agency responsible for environmental administrative compensation, and strictly enforce law enforcement procedures for environmental administrative compensation. In the judicial aspect, we should not only perfect the relevant procedure of administrative review and judicial relief, but also improve the quality of judges and guarantee the realization of environmental administrative compensation.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.1;D922.6

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