论环境权的可诉性

发布时间：2018-07-30 07:44

【摘要】：环境权可诉性法律制度归根到底就是保护环境权,它是使环境权如何成为一项法定的权利,如何与现有的公民基本权利相协调,如何使它成为一项公民可以获得而且实施的现实权利,以及如何对这种权利进行保障。本文就是以环境权为出发点,从制度的层面进行研究,探讨环境权的诉讼保障机制以实现环境权可诉性。因为环境权的有效实现必须有相应的诉讼机制予以保障,权利的要义之一就是能够通过法院的司法程序获得保护。当公众环境权受到侵害时,能够有相应的法律程序和法律救济方式,保障受到侵害的权利主体获得救济。按照目前我国有关法律的规定,公众对环境权不是都有起诉资格的,一方面是因为实体法中没有明确确立环境权,另一方面是诉讼法中的有关规定也限制着公众的起诉权。由于我国环境权救济机制和诉讼相关立法的缺失,公众根本无法寻求法律的最有力的保护,对传统法律制度进行更新,建立一种新的合理、有效的救济途径也就是建立环境权可诉性法律制度就显得迫在眉睫。本文始终追求的目标就是让环境权可诉性制度从在法学理论上没有被普遍接受的制度变为在法学理论上被普遍接受的制度并进而转变成法律明确的制度。本文共分为三个部分及引言、结语,主要从以下几个方面展开：第一部分,环境权可诉性理论的界定。主要从两方面进行阐述,一方面,介绍环境权,包括环境权的基本涵义、环境权的属性；另一方面,介绍环境权可诉性这项法律制度,包括环境权可诉性产生背景、环境权可诉性的基本涵义与特点。第二部分,介绍和借鉴国外环境权可诉性的实践经验,包括美国的公民诉讼制度、日本的选定当事人诉讼制度、德国的团体诉讼制度。第三部分,我国环境权可诉性产生的必要性与可行性。通过对环境权可诉性产生的必要性与可行性的分析,本文认为环境权可诉性在维护环境权方面具有可操作性。第四部分,环境权可诉性的实现途径。首先,以立法目的为出发点,通过确定环境诉讼主体资格、环境诉讼的举证责任分配、环境诉讼的诉讼时效来实现环境权可诉性。其次,从司法方面来实现环境权的可诉性,其途径是环境公益诉讼,环境公益诉讼又分为环境刑事公益诉讼、环境民事公益诉讼、环境行政公益诉讼,本文主要对环境民事公益诉讼与环境行政公益诉讼进行论述。
[Abstract]:In the final analysis, the litigable legal system of environmental rights is to protect environmental rights, which is how to make environmental rights a statutory right and how to coordinate with the existing basic rights of citizens. How to make it a practical right that citizens can obtain and enforce, and how to guarantee this right. This paper studies environmental rights from the perspective of system and discusses the litigation mechanism of environmental rights in order to realize the actionable nature of environmental rights. Because the effective realization of the environmental right must be protected by the corresponding litigation mechanism, one of the essentials of the right is that it can be protected through the judicial procedure of the court. When the public environmental rights are infringed, there can be corresponding legal procedures and legal remedies to protect the subject of the infringed rights to obtain relief. According to the relevant laws of our country, the public are not all qualified to sue for the environmental right. On the one hand, the environmental right is not clearly established in the substantive law; on the other hand, the relevant provisions in the procedural law also restrict the public's right to sue. Due to the lack of relief mechanism of environmental rights and legislation related to litigation in China, the public is unable to seek the most powerful protection of the law, so as to update the traditional legal system and establish a new and reasonable one. The effective remedy way is to establish the legal system of environmental right actionable. The aim of this paper is to make the system of environmental right actionable change from the system which is not generally accepted in the theory of law to the system which is generally accepted in the theory of law and then to the system of clear law. This paper is divided into three parts and introduction, conclusion, mainly from the following aspects: the first part, the definition of the theory of environmental rights actionable. On the one hand, it introduces the basic meaning of environmental rights, including the basic meaning of environmental rights, the attributes of environmental rights; on the other hand, it introduces the legal system of justiciability of environmental rights, including the background of the litigability of environmental rights. The basic meaning and characteristics of actionable environmental right. The second part introduces and draws lessons from the practical experience of the litigability of foreign environmental rights, including the civil litigation system in the United States, the selected parties litigation system in Japan, and the group action system in Germany. The third part, the necessity and feasibility of the litigability of environmental right in our country. Based on the analysis of the necessity and feasibility of the litigability of the environmental right, this paper holds that the actionable nature of the environmental right is operable in the aspect of safeguarding the environmental right. The fourth part, the way to realize the litigability of environmental right. First of all, with the aim of legislation as the starting point, environmental rights can be litigated by determining the qualification of the subject of environmental litigation, the distribution of burden of proof in environmental litigation, and the limitation of action in environmental litigation. Secondly, from the judicial aspect to realize the actionable nature of environmental right, the way is environmental public interest litigation, which is divided into environmental criminal public interest litigation, environmental civil public interest litigation, environmental administrative public interest litigation, environmental public interest litigation. This paper mainly discusses the environmental civil public interest litigation and environmental administrative public interest litigation.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D925

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