我国流域生态补偿法律制度探究

发布时间：2018-08-22 17:42

【摘要】：和谐社会的发展进程伴随的是资源的合理开发与分配,水资源作为人类赖以生存的物质基础,其安全开发和利用一直被人们重点关注。而如今的水资源问题十分突出,水源的污染,水量的短缺同时引发了大量的相关问题,由水资源开发保护所引起的纷争也严重得影响着社会和谐与稳定。所以从根源上解决水资源问题就是解决发展问题,刻不容缓。而流域生态补偿制度正是在制度上解决水资源纷争的一剂良药,用经济和法律手段约束河流上下游之间对于水资源开发利用的关系,让受益者负担,保护者受偿。应用政府主导和市场自调两种方向的补偿方法,同时在立法上对流域生态补偿进行关注,制定相应的条例或专项法律,让流域生态补偿真正的从理论蓝图成为实践模式。本文从流域生态补偿的基本理论着手,探讨了相关的概念、理论基础,主要包括生态补偿、流域生态补偿的概念。梳理了流域生态补偿的理论依据如外部性理论和经济人理论,同时从全新的角度分析了环境责任原则的新发展在流域生态补偿中的体现。紧接着运用例证分析的方法重点论述了国外关于流域生态补偿的实践经验,并总结出对于我国的相关借鉴启示。之后对我国现行流域生态补偿理论研究现状及实践经验进行分析,找出问题所在。文章的核心部分,是对于我国流域生态补偿法律规制方面的设想,其中包括流域生态补偿立法所涉及的问题简述,流域生态补偿立法的基本原则,流域生态补偿的补偿主体、对象、方式、标准,流域生态补偿监督管理机制以及流域生态补偿的资金来源。这些方面的制度涵盖了关于流域生态补偿的主要问题,其中重点通过梳理我国现行关于流域生态补偿的地方性文件,希望能够在总结中找到规律,对于建立我国关于流域生态补偿方面的法律依据有所帮助。
[Abstract]:The development process of harmonious society is accompanied by the rational development and distribution of resources. As the material foundation of human survival, the safe development and utilization of water resources has been paid attention to. But nowadays the water resources problem is very prominent, the water source pollution, the water quantity shortage has caused a large number of related problems simultaneously, the dispute caused by the water resources development protection also seriously affects the social harmony and the stability. Therefore, to solve the problem of water resources from the root is to solve the problem of development, without delay. The watershed ecological compensation system is a good medicine to resolve the dispute of water resources in the system. The economic and legal means are used to restrain the relationship between the upstream and downstream of rivers for the exploitation and utilization of water resources, so that the beneficiaries can bear the burden and the protectors will be compensated. This paper applies the compensation methods in the direction of government leading and market self-regulation, pays attention to the watershed ecological compensation in legislation, and formulates the corresponding regulations or special laws, so that the watershed ecological compensation can really become a practical model from the theoretical blueprint. Based on the basic theory of watershed ecological compensation, this paper discusses the related concepts and theoretical basis, mainly including the concept of ecological compensation and watershed ecological compensation. This paper combs the theoretical basis of watershed ecological compensation such as externality theory and economic man theory and analyzes the embodiment of the new development of environmental responsibility principle in watershed ecological compensation from a new point of view. Then the paper mainly discusses the practical experience of watershed ecological compensation in foreign countries by using the method of illustrative analysis, and sums up the relevant lessons for our country. After that, the paper analyzes the current situation and practical experience of watershed ecological compensation theory in China, and finds out the problem. The core part of this paper is the assumption of the legal regulation of watershed ecological compensation in China, including the brief description of the problems involved in the legislation of watershed ecological compensation, the basic principles of the legislation of watershed ecological compensation, and the main body of compensation for watershed ecological compensation. Object, mode, standard, supervision and management mechanism of watershed ecological compensation and fund source of watershed ecological compensation. These aspects of the system cover the main issues of watershed ecological compensation, especially through combing the current local documents on watershed ecological compensation, hoping to find the rules in the summary. It is helpful to establish the legal basis of watershed ecological compensation in our country.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;X197

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