秦岭地区生物多样性生态补偿法律探索
发布时间：2018-09-12 06:40
【摘要】：蒙古国总理巴特包勒德说过这样一句发人深省的话:“我想提醒各位:资源不是从祖宗那里继承来的,而是从子孙后代那里借来的。”在经历了经济的飞跃式发展之后,急功近利的发展模式对自然资源的攫取带来的不仅仅是物质的富足,同时还有生态环境的恶化。发达国家的经验教训表明遏制生态环境的退化不能单纯依靠科技,法律政策在规制人们行为和提高民众意识方面同样发挥着不可估量的作用。生态补偿法律制度就是运用经济和法律手段来调整人们对待自然资源的不合理利用方式,以避免人们消耗自然资源的无节制性。 目前很多国家都在积极探索构建生态补偿法律以重视和恢复生态系统服务功能。我国也从森林生态补偿发端至现在流域生态补偿的开展,开始在我国这个生态环境衰退迅速的国度进行生态环境恢复的努力。西部地区是我国自然和生物资源丰富的区域,同时也是生态环境脆弱和破坏严重的区域。而秦岭地区地处西部,不仅承担着西部地区生态环境的稳定,也影响全国生态环境的发展趋势,因此必须加以重视。因为秦岭地区独特的水文条件和丰富的物种资源,故该地区进行生态补偿法律构建的探索可以是多方面的,生物多样性的生态补偿法律构建探索是其中的重要方面。 本论文通过对我国和秦岭地区生物多样性现状和现行法律政策的分析,结合地方经济发展现状和当地居民的生活水平,提出我国和秦岭地区在生物多样性保护方面面临的困境和应注意的问题,并通过对生态补偿相关内容和法律构建的探究,认为应在该地区建立生物多样性的生态补偿法律机制,利用生态补偿法律政策的优势实现区域生物多样性的保护和恢复。 论文首先阐述了我国生物多样性保护的现状、现行的政策法规及战略进展等内容,然后具体分析生态补偿的概念、补偿主体等相关研究,其中对生态补偿的法学概念提出自己的理解。通过对生态补偿与生物多样性关系深入探讨,重点论证了生物多样性生态补偿是保护生物多样性的有效手段,具体从生物多样性的保护需要生态补偿法律的支持、生态补偿制度有利于生物多样性保护、生物多样性生态补偿的法律是环境法发展的趋势之一、生物多样性保护生态补偿补偿机制建立的必然性四个方面论述两者之间的紧密关系。同时通过对美国和印度在保护生物多样性方面成功经验的分析,提出对我国立法有借鉴意义的思考。 论文提出秦岭地区的生态环境保护对陕西省乃至全国的重要意义,结合陕西地方经济和秦岭地区环境和生物多样性的现实状况,认为该地区生物多样性生态补偿的思路主要应该有制定秦岭地区生物多样性生态补偿法律制度的目标、明确秦岭地区生生物多样性态补偿法律机制的首要任务、理解秦岭地区生物多样性生态补偿法律机制的意义、抓住秦岭地区生物多样性生态补偿法律机制的关键等方面。 该地区生物多样性生态补偿的原则应考虑可持续发展原则和系统性原则相结合、公平性原则和利益均衡原则相结合、充分补偿原则与循序渐进原则相结合、政府与市场相结合的原则。 在补偿的法律构建方面本论文认为应将生态补偿纳入到省内国民经济规划之中,加大地区生态补偿法律政策中生物多样性的关注程度,明确生物多样性生态补偿法律制度的各方主体,完善秦岭地区生态补偿法律主体的权利保障,以法律推进秦岭生物多样性编目工作,合理确定秦岭地区生物多样性生态补偿方式,科学构想资金来源、补偿标准和额度,建立科学绩效和干部考核制度,重视秦岭生物多样性生态补偿政策法规的宣传。 最终通过论文中的分析和探索为秦岭地区的生态环境恢复和建设、对秦岭地区生物多样性的保护提供有意义的参考。
[Abstract]:Mongolian Prime Minister Butler said this thought-provoking remark: "I would like to remind you: resources are not inherited from ancestors, but borrowed from future generations." After the rapid economic development, the rapid success of the development model of natural resources to seize not only bring about material wealth. The experience and lessons of developed countries show that the deterioration of the ecological environment can not be curbed only by science and technology, and the law and policy also play an inestimable role in regulating people's behavior and raising people's awareness. However, the irrational use of resources is to avoid the unrestrained consumption of natural resources.
At present, many countries are actively exploring the construction of ecological compensation laws to attach importance to and restore the ecosystem service function. China has begun to make efforts to restore the ecological environment in this rapidly declining country from the beginning of forest ecological compensation to the development of basin ecological compensation. The Qinling Mountains are located in the west of China, which not only undertakes the stability of the ecological environment in the west, but also affects the development trend of the national ecological environment. Therefore, we must pay attention to it. Because of the unique hydrological conditions and abundant species resources, the Qinling Mountains are located in the west of China. There are many ways to explore the legal construction of ecological compensation in the district, and the exploration of the legal construction of ecological compensation for biodiversity is one of the important aspects.
Based on the analysis of the status quo of biodiversity in China and Qinling Mountains and the current laws and policies, combined with the current situation of local economic development and the living standards of local residents, this paper puts forward the dilemma and problems that should be paid attention to in biodiversity protection in China and Qinling Mountains. It is believed that the legal mechanism of ecological compensation should be established in this area, and the advantages of ecological compensation laws and policies should be utilized to protect and restore regional biodiversity.
Firstly, this paper expounds the status quo of biodiversity conservation in China, current policies and regulations and strategic progress, and then analyzes the concept of ecological compensation, compensation subjects and other related research, including the legal concept of ecological compensation put forward their own understanding. It is proved that biodiversity ecological compensation is an effective means to protect biodiversity. Specifically, the protection of biodiversity needs the support of ecological compensation law. Ecological compensation system is conducive to the protection of biodiversity. Four aspects of the inevitability of the establishment of the mechanism discuss the close relationship between the two. At the same time, through the analysis of the successful experience of the United States and India in the protection of biodiversity, this paper puts forward some suggestions for China's legislation.
The paper puts forward the significance of ecological environment protection in Qinling Mountains to Shaanxi Province and even the whole country. Combining with the local economy of Shaanxi Province and the actual situation of environment and biodiversity in Qinling Mountains, it holds that the main idea of ecological compensation for biodiversity in this area should be to formulate the legal system of ecological compensation for biodiversity in Qinling Mountains. To clarify the primary task of the legal mechanism of ecological compensation for biodiversity in Qinling Mountains, understand the significance of the legal mechanism of ecological compensation for biodiversity in Qinling Mountains, and grasp the key aspects of the legal mechanism of ecological compensation for biodiversity in Qinling Mountains.
The principle of ecological compensation for biodiversity in this area should consider the principle of combining sustainable development with systematic principle, the principle of equity with the principle of balance of interests, the principle of full compensation with the principle of gradual progress, and the principle of combining government with market.
In the aspect of legal construction of compensation, this paper holds that ecological compensation should be brought into the national economic planning of the province, the degree of concern for biodiversity in the regional ecological compensation laws and policies should be increased, the main bodies of the legal system of ecological compensation for biodiversity should be defined, and the protection of the rights of the legal subjects of ecological compensation in Qinling region should be improved. We should promote the cataloging of biodiversity in Qinling Mountains, rationally determine the ecological compensation methods for biodiversity in Qinling Mountains, scientifically conceive the sources of funds, compensation standards and quotas, establish scientific performance and cadre assessment systems, and attach importance to the publicity of policies and regulations on ecological compensation for biodiversity in Qinling Mountains.
Finally, through the analysis and exploration in this paper, it provides a meaningful reference for the ecological environment restoration and construction in Qinling region and the protection of biodiversity in Qinling region.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;X176
本文编号：2238204
[Abstract]:Mongolian Prime Minister Butler said this thought-provoking remark: "I would like to remind you: resources are not inherited from ancestors, but borrowed from future generations." After the rapid economic development, the rapid success of the development model of natural resources to seize not only bring about material wealth. The experience and lessons of developed countries show that the deterioration of the ecological environment can not be curbed only by science and technology, and the law and policy also play an inestimable role in regulating people's behavior and raising people's awareness. However, the irrational use of resources is to avoid the unrestrained consumption of natural resources.
At present, many countries are actively exploring the construction of ecological compensation laws to attach importance to and restore the ecosystem service function. China has begun to make efforts to restore the ecological environment in this rapidly declining country from the beginning of forest ecological compensation to the development of basin ecological compensation. The Qinling Mountains are located in the west of China, which not only undertakes the stability of the ecological environment in the west, but also affects the development trend of the national ecological environment. Therefore, we must pay attention to it. Because of the unique hydrological conditions and abundant species resources, the Qinling Mountains are located in the west of China. There are many ways to explore the legal construction of ecological compensation in the district, and the exploration of the legal construction of ecological compensation for biodiversity is one of the important aspects.
Based on the analysis of the status quo of biodiversity in China and Qinling Mountains and the current laws and policies, combined with the current situation of local economic development and the living standards of local residents, this paper puts forward the dilemma and problems that should be paid attention to in biodiversity protection in China and Qinling Mountains. It is believed that the legal mechanism of ecological compensation should be established in this area, and the advantages of ecological compensation laws and policies should be utilized to protect and restore regional biodiversity.
Firstly, this paper expounds the status quo of biodiversity conservation in China, current policies and regulations and strategic progress, and then analyzes the concept of ecological compensation, compensation subjects and other related research, including the legal concept of ecological compensation put forward their own understanding. It is proved that biodiversity ecological compensation is an effective means to protect biodiversity. Specifically, the protection of biodiversity needs the support of ecological compensation law. Ecological compensation system is conducive to the protection of biodiversity. Four aspects of the inevitability of the establishment of the mechanism discuss the close relationship between the two. At the same time, through the analysis of the successful experience of the United States and India in the protection of biodiversity, this paper puts forward some suggestions for China's legislation.
The paper puts forward the significance of ecological environment protection in Qinling Mountains to Shaanxi Province and even the whole country. Combining with the local economy of Shaanxi Province and the actual situation of environment and biodiversity in Qinling Mountains, it holds that the main idea of ecological compensation for biodiversity in this area should be to formulate the legal system of ecological compensation for biodiversity in Qinling Mountains. To clarify the primary task of the legal mechanism of ecological compensation for biodiversity in Qinling Mountains, understand the significance of the legal mechanism of ecological compensation for biodiversity in Qinling Mountains, and grasp the key aspects of the legal mechanism of ecological compensation for biodiversity in Qinling Mountains.
The principle of ecological compensation for biodiversity in this area should consider the principle of combining sustainable development with systematic principle, the principle of equity with the principle of balance of interests, the principle of full compensation with the principle of gradual progress, and the principle of combining government with market.
In the aspect of legal construction of compensation, this paper holds that ecological compensation should be brought into the national economic planning of the province, the degree of concern for biodiversity in the regional ecological compensation laws and policies should be increased, the main bodies of the legal system of ecological compensation for biodiversity should be defined, and the protection of the rights of the legal subjects of ecological compensation in Qinling region should be improved. We should promote the cataloging of biodiversity in Qinling Mountains, rationally determine the ecological compensation methods for biodiversity in Qinling Mountains, scientifically conceive the sources of funds, compensation standards and quotas, establish scientific performance and cadre assessment systems, and attach importance to the publicity of policies and regulations on ecological compensation for biodiversity in Qinling Mountains.
Finally, through the analysis and exploration in this paper, it provides a meaningful reference for the ecological environment restoration and construction in Qinling region and the protection of biodiversity in Qinling region.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;X176
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