论我国环境行政代履行制度的构建

发布时间：2018-10-12 20:30

【摘要】：随着经济社会的发展,政府需要在公共领域为社会、为公民提供更多的服务。政府对环境的治理就印证了这一点,政府治理环境的终极目标不是惩罚相对人,而是通过一切必要的手段维护和改善环境,实现环境保护与经济、社会的协调。政府治理环境的手段是多样的,从世界范围环境行政乃至整个行政执法的趋势看,间接手段优于直接手段、穷尽间接手段后使用直接手段已是大势所趋。我国虽然在有关环境法律法规中出现了代履行的条款,但由于规定不甚具体、重要内容缺失,加之与环境行政代履行相关的理论研究不足等原因导致环境行政代履行未能形成一项真正意义上的环境法律制度。文章从环境行政代履行制度的基本理论入手,明确了环境行政代履行的概念、特点、性质。运用行政合作理论、最小损害理论、污染者负担理论、成本效益理论为制度构建寻找理论依据;指出弥补限期治理制度不能、提高环境行政效率、促进义务人履行环境治理义务、体现间接强制优先的现代行政潮流和促进环保产业发展等制度构建的功能。从环境行政代履行的适用范围、适用条件、程序和法律责任四方面入手介绍大陆法系国家和地区相关立法例,在对比中发现我国相关立法存在立法不统一、适用范围局限、适用条件不清、程序内容欠缺等诸多问题。在我国构建环境行政代履行制度的过程中一方面借鉴域外特别是德奥等国家的经验,另一方面结合国内立法的现状及存在的问题提出环境行政代履行制度的构建应采用“渐进式的立法路径”——以中央出台专门的行政法规、地方加以细化为起点,逐步在环境法律体系中对该制度加以构建乃至最终完善。在具体制度设计上,重点明确环境行政代履行制度的适用范围、条件、程序、代履行费用的负担、法律责任等制度构建中的核心问题。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the government needs to provide more service for the society in the public domain. The ultimate goal of government governance of the environment is not to punish the relative person, but to maintain and improve the environment through all necessary means to realize the coordination of environmental protection, economy and society. From the trend of the world environmental administration and the whole administrative law enforcement, indirect means are superior to direct means, and it is a general trend to use direct means after exhausting indirect means. Although there are some provisions in the relevant environmental laws and regulations in our country, but because the provisions are not very specific, the important content is missing. In addition, the lack of theoretical research related to environmental administrative performance leads to the failure of environmental administrative performance to form a real environmental legal system. Starting from the basic theory of environmental administrative agency performance system, this paper clarifies the concept, characteristics and nature of environmental administrative agency performance system. Applying the theory of administrative cooperation, the theory of minimum damage, the theory of polluter's burden and the theory of cost benefit to find the theoretical basis for the system construction, it is pointed out that the system of making up for the limited period of time can not improve the efficiency of environmental administration. To promote the obligor to fulfill the obligations of environmental governance, to reflect the indirect compulsory priority of the modern administrative trend and to promote the development of environmental protection industry and other system construction functions. This paper introduces the relevant legislation examples of civil law countries and regions from four aspects: the applicable scope, the applicable conditions, the procedure and the legal liability of the environmental administrative agency. It is found that the relevant legislation of our country is not unified and the scope of application is limited. The application condition is not clear, the procedure content lacks many problems and so on. On the one hand, we learn from the experiences of other countries, especially Germany and Austria, in the process of constructing the system of environmental administrative agency performance in our country. On the other hand, according to the current situation and existing problems of domestic legislation, the author puts forward that the construction of environmental administrative agency performance system should adopt "progressive legislative path"-starting from the introduction of special administrative laws and regulations by the central authorities and the refinement of local administrative regulations. Gradually in the environmental legal system to build the system and even ultimately perfect. In the specific system design, the key problems in the construction of environmental administrative agency performance system, such as the scope of application, the conditions, the procedure, the burden of acting performance expenses, the legal liability, etc.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;D922.1

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